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Investigating cortical pathways with diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) manganese-enhanced MRI and modern histological techniques in monkeys and humans

利用扩散张量成像 (DTI) 锰增强 MRI 和现代组织学技术研究猴子和人类的皮质通路

基本信息

批准号：
BB/H016902/1
负责人：
Kristine Krug
金额：
$ 129.32万
依托单位：
University of Oxford
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2011 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FH016902%2F1
关键词：
Investigating cortical pathways diffusion tensor

项目摘要

Studying brain anatomy used to mean opening up a skull and looking at post mortem brain slices. Not really a good option to study brain connections in living humans. Tracing connections in the human brain is particularly difficult because dead nerve cells do not transport dyes and tracers well. In experimental animals the neuronal tracers are transported in the living brain but to visualize at the results, the animal has to be sacrificed. Therefore, there has been tremendous excitement about recent developments in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) that allow us to trace connections non-invasively in the living brain. But these techniques measure anatomical structures indirectly by their effect on movement of water or ions. Therefore, their results need to be calibrated against more detailed and accurate measurement of connections with invasive neuroanatomical techniques in animals. We will carry out imaging experiments in monkeys and humans. These data will be compared with those obtained with more established and accurate anatomical techniques in the monkey in order to gain a better understanding about what these new methods exactly measure. The pathway we investigate with these methods connects neurons that contribute to making simple decisions. Imagine playing tennis: when a ball comes towards you, you have to look and decide on its approach before being able to hit it back. Our senses to gather such information about the world around us. Often, the next stage after getting this information is to decide what to do with it - we make a decision. In the tennis example, we decide which trajectory the ball is likely to take and how we would like to respond. Finally we may want to execute this movement based on what we have seen. Our brain accomplishes such transformations of sensory information into action fast and effectively all the time (maybe not for everybody with regards to tennis). Similar processes might underlie more deliberate, slower decision processes, like smelling apples in a fruit bowl and deciding which one to pick up to eat. Our brain is divided up into interconnected regions that deal separately with different types of sensory information, such as visual information from our eyes, touch information from our skin. In addition, various parts of the brain are responsible for controlling our muscles for movement or verbal responses. In between these sensory and motor regions, there are brain areas that we believe can transform the information into movements, including those that help us to make decisions. One area we are looking at is an area of the visual system, called area V5/MT, which is particularly sensitive to moving objects. We want to test whether this area is connected directly to another area, known as LIP that is believed to be central to decision-making. Alternatively other intermediate brain areas might be involved. We will take advantage of new non-invasive techniques in MRI that allow us to trace connections between different brain areas. Using MRI is particularly useful, as it can give us an insight into the connections of the human brain in healthy people as well as in patients, for instance after stroke. Better validation of what these new techniques measure could also mean that anatomy on animal brains could be done without the need to sacrifice the animal.

研究大脑解剖学过去意味着打开头骨并观察尸检脑片。这并不是研究活人大脑连接的好方法。追踪人脑中的连接尤其困难，因为死亡的神经细胞不能很好地运输染料和示踪剂。在实验动物中，神经元示踪剂在活着的大脑中运输，但为了观察结果，动物必须被牺牲。因此，磁共振成像(MRI)的最新发展让我们能够非侵入性地追踪活着的大脑中的连接，这让人非常兴奋。但这些技术通过对水或离子运动的影响来间接测量解剖结构。因此，他们的结果需要根据更详细和准确的动物侵入性神经解剖学技术的连接测量进行校准。我们将在猴子和人类身上进行成像实验。这些数据将与在猴子身上使用更成熟和更准确的解剖学技术获得的数据进行比较，以便更好地了解这些新方法到底测量了什么。我们用这些方法研究的路径连接了有助于做出简单决定的神经元。想象一下打网球：当一个球向你靠近时，你必须先看着它的路线并决定它的路线，然后才能回击。我们的感官来收集关于我们周围世界的这些信息。通常，在获得这些信息后的下一个阶段是决定如何处理这些信息--我们做出决定。在网球的例子中，我们决定球可能走的轨迹以及我们想要如何回应。最后，我们可能想要根据我们所看到的情况来执行这一运动。我们的大脑每时每刻都能快速而有效地将感觉信息转化为行动(可能不是每个人都能打网球)。类似的过程可能是更深思熟虑、更慢的决策过程的基础，比如闻一闻水果碗里的苹果，然后决定拿起哪个吃。我们的大脑被分成几个相互关联的区域，分别处理不同类型的感觉信息，如来自我们眼睛的视觉信息，来自我们皮肤的触摸信息。此外，大脑的不同部分负责控制我们的肌肉运动或言语反应。在这些感觉和运动区之间，有一些我们认为可以将信息转化为动作的大脑区域，包括那些帮助我们做出决定的区域。我们正在观察的一个区域是视觉系统中的一个区域，称为区域V5/MT，它对移动的对象特别敏感。我们想要测试这个区域是否直接连接到另一个区域，即被认为对决策至关重要的LIP区域。或者，其他中间脑区也可能参与其中。我们将利用MRI中的新的非侵入性技术，使我们能够追踪不同大脑区域之间的联系。使用核磁共振特别有用，因为它可以让我们深入了解人类大脑在健康人和患者中的联系，例如中风后。更好地验证这些新技术的测量结果也可能意味着，在不需要牺牲动物的情况下，可以对动物的大脑进行解剖。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Playing the electric light orchestra--how electrical stimulation of visual cortex elucidates the neural basis of perception.

演奏电灯管弦乐队 - 视觉皮层的电刺激阐明了感知的神经基础。

DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2014.0206
发表时间：
2015-09-19
期刊：
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
影响因子：
0
作者：
Cicmil N;Krug K
通讯作者：
Krug K

Differences in Frontal Network Anatomy Across Primate Species