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Impact and mitigation of emergent diseases on major UK insect pollinators

突发疾病对英国主要昆虫传粉者的影响和缓解

基本信息

批准号：
BB/I000097/2
负责人：
Juliet Osborne
金额：
$ 28.6万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2012 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FI000097%2F2
关键词：
Impact mitigation emergent diseases major

项目摘要

The mysterious death of thousands of honey bee colonies in the USA in the winter of 2005/06, termed Colony Collapse Disorder, focused media attention on the plight of bees, the world's primary pollinators. In the UK, both the honey bee and the 24 species of bumble bee play a major role in crop and wildflower pollination, and both have been suffering serious declines. Exotic (non-native) and newly emergent (native, but with increasing virulence) diseases are considered a major cause of decline in bees and consequently they are one of the greatest challenges to bees in the UK. The single-celled microsporidian 'fungus' Nosema ceranae is an exotic infectious disease of the honey bee that primarily attacks the gut of the bee. We have shown that it has spread worldwide, including the UK, within the last ca. 10 years, and it has been implicated in honey bee colony collapses in the USA (2005/06) and Spain (2007/08). Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) is the major disease organism associated with Varroa destructor mites of honey bees. This emergent disease replicates inside the bee, causing deformed wings and reduced longevity and is responsible for considerable honey bee colony mortality in the UK. Both disease organisms have recently been detected in bumble bees. Thus, both N. ceranae and DWV pose major threats to the UK's principal pollinators. Investigations of pollinator diseases typically focus on single-species interactions (one disease organism and one pollinator species). However, most parasites have multiple hosts and most hosts have multiple parasites. Here, we will take a multidisciplinary, ecological systems-based approach to understand the virulence (e.g. reduced longevity) and transmission of these two major disease organisms, N. ceranae and DWV, and detrimental synergies between them, on the UK's major pollination service providers: the honey bee and bumble bees. We will undertake laboratory epidemiological experiments (in which we look at the impact of a disease organism(s) on its host and the progression of disease from initial infection through to host mortality or recovery), state-of-the-art 'post-genomic' analyses and high-resolution radar tracking of individual insects to determine disease virulence and transmission. Using these data, we will parameterise a novel epidemiological model that will allow risk assessment of these emergent diseases on UK pollinators. Taking advantage of the complete genomes of both N. ceranae and DWV, we will undertake country-wide screening of pollinators to provide the evidence base of current disease strain prevalence. We will also refine innovative approaches for combating disease impacts. Specifically we will investigate the role of 'lactic acid bacteria' (the 'good guys' found naturally in healthy bee guts) and so-called RNAi technology (=RNA interference - short stretches of RNA that may interfere with viral replication inside a host) in curing bees of N. ceranae and DWV, which would provide long-term sustainable solutions to these disease organisms. For ca. £1.6 million (75% FEC), this interdisciplinary project will combine expertise from three leading UK bee and pollination research groups at Queen's University Belfast, Royal Holloway University of London and Rothamsted Research with mathematical modellers (Royal Holloway), pioneering microbiologists at the University of Lund (Sweden) and the world leader in RNAi technologies for bee diseases: Beeologics (USA). It will elucidate the impact and epidemiology of two increasingly important parasites on the UK's principal insect pollinators. Results will provide the evidence base for policy on disease mitigation strategies for government (conservation and agricultural advisory bodies) and major stakeholders (beekeepers, bumble bee importers). As well as serving as a model study of emergent pollinator diseases, project results will feed directly into husbandry practices and approaches to mitigate disease impact.

2005/2006 年冬季，美国数千个蜂群神秘死亡，被称为“蜂群崩溃综合症”，这将媒体的注意力集中在世界主要授粉媒介蜜蜂的困境上。在英国，蜜蜂和 24 种熊蜂在农作物和野花授粉中发挥着重要作用，但两者的数量都在严重下降。外来（非本地）和新出现的（本地，但毒力不断增加）疾病被认为是蜜蜂数量下降的主要原因，因此它们是英国蜜蜂面临的最大挑战之一。单细胞微孢子虫“真菌”微孢子虫是蜜蜂的一种外来传染病，主要攻击蜜蜂的肠道。我们已经表明，它在过去的大约一年内已在世界范围内传播，包括英国。 10年来，它与美国（2005/06）和西班牙（2007/08）的蜂群崩溃有关。变形翅病毒（DWV）是与蜜蜂瓦螨相关的主要病害微生物。这种新出现的疾病在蜜蜂体内复制，导致翅膀变形和寿命缩短，并导致英国蜂群死亡率相当高。最近在大黄蜂中发现了这两种致病微生物。因此，蜜蜂花和 DWV 对英国的主要传粉媒介构成了重大威胁。传粉媒介疾病的调查通常侧重于单物种相互作用（一种病害生物体和一种传粉媒介物种）。然而，大多数寄生虫有多个宿主，并且大多数宿主有多个寄生虫。在这里，我们将采用多学科、基于生态系统的方法来了解这两种主要病原微生物（蜜蜂和大黄蜂）的毒力（例如寿命缩短）和传播，以及它们之间对英国主要授粉服务提供者（蜜蜂和熊蜂）的有害协同作用。我们将进行实验室流行病学实验（研究疾病生物体对其宿主的影响以及疾病从最初感染到宿主死亡或康复的进展）、最先进的“后基因组”分析和对个体昆虫的高分辨率雷达跟踪，以确定疾病的毒力和传播。利用这些数据，我们将参数化一个新的流行病学模型，该模型将允许对英国授粉昆虫的这些新出现的疾病进行风险评估。利用中华蜜蜂和DWV的完整基因组，我们将在全国范围内进行传粉昆虫筛查，为当前病株流行情况提供证据基础。我们还将完善对抗疾病影响的创新方法。具体来说，我们将研究“乳酸菌”（健康蜜蜂内脏中天然存在的“好细菌”）和所谓的 RNAi 技术（=RNA 干扰 - 可能干扰宿主体内病毒复制的短链 RNA）在治愈蜜蜂 N. ceranae 和 DWV 方面的作用，这将为这些疾病生物体提供长期可持续的解决方案。对于大约。这个跨学科项目耗资 160 万英镑（75% FEC），将结合来自贝尔法斯特女王大学、伦敦皇家霍洛威大学和洛桑斯特德研究中心的三个英国领先蜜蜂和授粉研究小组的专业知识，以及数学建模者（皇家霍洛威学院）、隆德大学（瑞典）的先驱微生物学家以及蜜蜂疾病 RNAi 技术的世界领导者：Beeologics（美国）。它将阐明两种日益重要的寄生虫对英国主要昆虫传粉媒介的影响和流行病学。结果将为政府（保护和农业咨询机构）和主要利益相关者（养蜂人、熊蜂进口商）的疾病缓解策略政策提供证据基础。除了作为新出现的传粉媒介疾病的模型研究外，项目结果还将直接应用于畜牧业实践和减轻疾病影响的方法中。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) as a resource for farmland insect pollinators: quantifying floral traits in conventional varieties and breeding systems.

油菜（甘蓝型油菜）作为农田昆虫传粉媒介的资源：量化传统品种和育种系统中的花性状。

DOI：
10.1111/gcbb.12438
发表时间：
2017-08
期刊：
Global change biology. Bioenergy
影响因子：
0
作者：
Carruthers JM;Cook SM;Wright GA;Osborne JL;Clark SJ;Swain JL;Haughton AJ
通讯作者：
Haughton AJ

Identifying key knowledge needs for evidence-based conservation of wild insect pollinators: a collaborative cross-sectoral exercise

DOI：
10.1111/j.1752-4598.2012.00221.x
发表时间：
2013-05-01
期刊：
INSECT CONSERVATION AND DIVERSITY
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Dicks, Lynn V.;Abrahams, Andrew;Sutherland, William J.
通讯作者：
Sutherland, William J.

Flight performance of actively foraging honey bees is reduced by a common pathogen.

DOI：
10.1111/1758-2229.12434
发表时间：
2016-10
期刊：
Environmental microbiology reports
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Wells T;Wolf S;Nicholls E;Groll H;Lim KS;Clark SJ;Swain J;Osborne JL;Haughton AJ
通讯作者：
Haughton AJ

The Insect Pollinators Initiative

昆虫传粉媒介倡议