A draft sequence of the barley genome

大麦基因组序列草案

• 批准号: BB/I008357/1
• 负责人: Mario Caccamo
• 金额: $ 77.41万
• 依托单位: Earlham Institute
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FI008357%2F1
• 关键词: draft; sequence; barley; genome

Summary: Barley is the second most important crop in UK agriculture. High quality malting barley (some 30% of the total) underpins the beer and whisky sector in the UK that is worth some £20B to the UK economy with almost £5B flowing directly to the treasury as duty. Lower quality barley grain and by-products of the malting process are a major component of animal feed that underpins the meat and dairy industries and barley straw is a source of nutrition for ruminants, is used for animal bedding in the winter and for frost protection in horticulture. In March 2010 merchants' buying prices for barley straw reached £86 per ton ex-farm, equivalent to the price of the grain. In social terms, barley cultivation and its use in the whisky industry indirectly supports up to 40,000 families in Scotland, largely in rural communities. Over the past 50 years cereal grain yields, including barley, have more than doubled, due largely to the efforts of a small number of commercial organisations that seek to improve the quality, diversity and performance of our key agricultural crops. Recent analyses by the National Institute of Agricultural Botany have shown that over the past 25 years, greater than 90% of this improvement can be attributed to genetics through innovation in plant breeding (as opposed to agricultural practices). Despite this considerable success, with crop yields needing to double again by 2050 in order to feed an estimated 9B population, climate change bringing erratic and potentially devastating weather patterns and the drive for low input sustainable production, the industry is facing challenges unlike any that have gone before. The scientific community agree that to meet these will require a deeper understanding of how different variants (called alleles) of barley's estimated 35,000 genes can be brought together in optimal combinations to increase yield, quality and resilience, and methods that allow plant breeders to improve the rate of genetic gain in crop improvement programs. In this project we propose to generate information on the complete complement of genes in the barley genome (its genetic blueprint) and to start to explore how different versions and combinations of genes have been assembled by breeders over the past 25 years of successful yield improvement. Our hypothesis is that an understanding in genetic terms of how crop production successes of the past were brought about will allow us to predict how to bring about further and faster successes in the future, equipping us to address the key global challenges listed above.

摘要：大麦是英国农业中第二重要的作物。高品质的麦芽大麦（约占总量的30%）支撑着英国的啤酒和威士忌行业，对英国经济价值约200亿英镑，其中近50亿英镑直接流入国库。低质量的大麦谷物和制麦芽过程的副产品是支撑肉类和乳制品工业的动物饲料的主要成分，大麦秸秆是反刍动物的营养来源，用于冬季动物垫料和园艺防冻。2010年3月，商人购买大麦秸秆的价格达到每吨86英镑，相当于谷物的价格。在社会方面，大麦种植及其在威士忌行业的使用间接支持了苏格兰多达40，000个家庭，主要是在农村社区。在过去的50年里，包括大麦在内的谷物产量翻了一番多，这主要归功于少数商业组织的努力，这些组织寻求提高我们主要农作物的质量、多样性和性能。国家农业植物研究所最近的分析表明，在过去的25年里，超过90%的这种改进可以归因于通过植物育种创新的遗传学（而不是农业实践）。尽管取得了巨大的成功，但到2050年，作物产量需要再翻一番，以养活估计90亿人口，气候变化带来了不稳定和潜在的破坏性天气模式，以及低投入可持续生产的驱动力，该行业正面临着前所未有的挑战。科学界一致认为，要实现这些目标，需要更深入地了解大麦估计有35，000个基因的不同变体（称为等位基因）如何以最佳组合方式结合在一起，以提高产量，质量和适应力，以及允许植物育种者提高作物改良计划中遗传增益率的方法。在这个项目中，我们建议生成大麦基因组中完整基因的信息（其遗传蓝图），并开始探索育种者在过去25年成功提高产量的过程中如何组装不同版本和组合的基因。我们的假设是，从遗传学的角度理解过去作物生产的成功是如何实现的，将使我们能够预测未来如何取得更大、更快的成功，使我们能够应对上述关键的全球挑战。

项目成果

Barley whole exome capture: a tool for genomic research in the genus Hordeum and beyond.

• DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12294
• 发表时间: 2013-11
• 期刊: The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology
• 作者: Mascher M;Richmond TA;Gerhardt DJ;Himmelbach A;Clissold L;Sampath D;Ayling S;Steuernagel B;Pfeifer M;D'Ascenzo M;Akhunov ED;Hedley PE;Gonzales AM;Morrell PL;Kilian B;Blattner FR;Scholz U;Mayer KF;Flavell AJ;Muehlbauer GJ;Waugh R;Jeddeloh JA;Stein N
• 通讯作者: Stein N

Triticeae resources in Ensembl Plants.

• DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu183
• 发表时间: 2015-01
• 期刊: Plant & cell physiology
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Bolser DM;Kerhornou A;Walts B;Kersey P
• 通讯作者: Kersey P

Construction of a map-based reference genome sequence for barley, Hordeum vulgare L.

• DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2017.44
• 发表时间: 2017-04-27
• 期刊: Scientific data
• 影响因子: 9.8
• 作者: Beier S;Himmelbach A;Colmsee C;Zhang XQ;Barrero RA;Zhang Q;Li L;Bayer M;Bolser D;Taudien S;Groth M;Felder M;Hastie A;Šimková H;Staňková H;Vrána J;Chan S;Muñoz-Amatriaín M;Ounit R;Wanamaker S;Schmutzer T;Aliyeva-Schnorr L;Grasso S;Tanskanen J;Sampath D;Heavens D;Cao S;Chapman B;Dai F;Han Y;Li H;Li X;Lin C;McCooke JK;Tan C;Wang S;Yin S;Zhou G;Poland JA;Bellgard MI;Houben A;Doležel J;Ayling S;Lonardi S;Langridge P;Muehlbauer GJ;Kersey P;Clark MD;Caccamo M;Schulman AH;Platzer M;Close TJ;Hansson M;Zhang G;Braumann I;Li C;Waugh R;Scholz U;Stein N;Mascher M
• 通讯作者: Mascher M

A chromosome conformation capture ordered sequence of the barley genome

染色体构象捕获大麦基因组的有序序列

• DOI: 10.1038/nature22043
• 发表时间: 2017-04-27
• 期刊: NATURE
• 影响因子: 64.8
• 作者: Mascher, Martin;Gundlach, Heidrun;Stein, Nils
• 通讯作者: Stein, Nils