The diversity and evolution of the gene component of barley peri-centromeric heterochromatin.

大麦着丝粒周围异染色质基因组分的多样性和进化。

• 批准号: BB/I022899/1
• 负责人: Andrew Flavell
• 金额: $ 47.77万
• 依托单位: University of Dundee
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FI022899%2F1
• 关键词: diversity; evolution; gene; component; barley

Barley is the second most important crop in UK agriculture, underpinning the beer and whisky industries, worth some £20Bn to the UK economy, and the meat and dairy industries as animal feed. Over the past 50 years barley grain yield has more than doubled, mostly due to crop breeding efforts, but yields need to keep increasing at this rate to feed the ever increasing population, against the challenging background of climate change with its associated new pests and diseases, higher prices for fertiliser and pesticides and increasing demands from regulatory bodies for lower levels of chemical treatments. New varieties of cereal crops must be bred to deal with these challenges but in recent years the improvement rate has slowed in the cereals, as conventional breeding has optimised the available genes in the 'genetically narrow' barley cultivars. Wild barley offers an escape from this trap as it contains many beneficial gene variants that could improve cultivated barley if they were transferred across by breeding. This is much more difficult than it sounds because a large fraction of the genes of all cereals are buried in vast amounts of useless DNA and wrapped up so tightly inside the cell nucleus that they hardly ever make new combinations with better properties than their parents. In this project we propose to study these 'trapped genes'. Surprisingly, cereals have much more DNA in them than humans and are correspondingly more difficult to study at the gene level, but recent technical advances in DNA sequencing and fingerprinting have made them accessible. This new knowledge will provide the tools to allow us to search through wild barley varieties for new, potentially useful gene combinations which are currently inaccessible to modern barley breeders, maintaining the improvement in the crop that is needed for the future.

大麦是英国农业中第二重要的作物，支撑着啤酒和威士忌行业，为英国经济带来约200亿英镑的收入，以及作为动物饲料的肉类和乳制品行业。在过去的50年里，大麦谷物产量翻了一番以上，这主要归功于作物育种工作，但在气候变化及其相关的新病虫害、化肥和杀虫剂价格上涨以及监管机构对较低水平的化学处理的要求日益增长的挑战背景下，产量需要以这种速度保持增长，以养活日益增长的人口。必须培育新的谷类作物品种来应对这些挑战，但近年来谷物的改良速度已经放缓，因为传统育种优化了“遗传狭窄”大麦品种的可用基因。野生大麦提供了一种逃脱这一陷阱的方法，因为它含有许多有益的基因变体，如果通过育种进行转移，这些基因变体可能会改善栽培大麦。这比听起来困难得多，因为所有谷物的很大一部分基因都隐藏在大量无用的DNA中，并紧紧包裹在细胞核内，以至于它们几乎不会产生比它们的双亲更好的新组合。在这个项目中，我们打算研究这些“陷阱基因”。令人惊讶的是，谷物中的DNA含量比人类多得多，相应地，在基因水平上更难研究，但最近DNA测序和指纹技术的进步使它们变得容易获得。这一新知识将提供工具，使我们能够在野生大麦品种中搜索新的、潜在有用的基因组合，这些组合目前是现代大麦育种者无法获得的，从而维持未来所需的作物改良。

项目成果

A high-resolution single-molecule sequencing-based Arabidopsis transcriptome using novel methods of Iso-seq analysis.

• DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02711-0
• 发表时间: 2022-07-07
• 期刊: Genome biology
• 影响因子: 12.3

Barley whole exome capture: a tool for genomic research in the genus Hordeum and beyond.

• DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12294
• 发表时间: 2013-11
• 期刊: The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology
• 作者: Mascher M;Richmond TA;Gerhardt DJ;Himmelbach A;Clissold L;Sampath D;Ayling S;Steuernagel B;Pfeifer M;D'Ascenzo M;Akhunov ED;Hedley PE;Gonzales AM;Morrell PL;Kilian B;Blattner FR;Scholz U;Mayer KF;Flavell AJ;Muehlbauer GJ;Waugh R;Jeddeloh JA;Stein N
• 通讯作者: Stein N

Immunolocalization of Covalently Modified Histone Marks on Barley Mitotic Chromosomes

大麦有丝分裂染色体上共价修饰的组蛋白标记的免疫定位

• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Bio-Protocol
• 影响因子: 0.8
• 作者: Colas I

Chromatin state analysis of the barley epigenome reveals a higher-order structure defined by H3K27me1 and H3K27me3 abundance.

• DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12963
• 发表时间: 2015-10
• 期刊: The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology
• 作者: Baker K;Dhillon T;Colas I;Cook N;Milne I;Milne L;Bayer M;Flavell AJ
• 通讯作者: Flavell AJ

The low-recombining pericentromeric region of barley restricts gene diversity and evolution but not gene expression.

• DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12600
• 发表时间: 2014-09
• 期刊: The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology
• 作者: Baker K;Bayer M;Cook N;Dreißig S;Dhillon T;Russell J;Hedley PE;Morris J;Ramsay L;Colas I;Waugh R;Steffenson B;Milne I;Stephen G;Marshall D;Flavell AJ
• 通讯作者: Flavell AJ