权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Cellular mechanisms of developmental plasticity in mouse primary visual cortex

小鼠初级视觉皮层发育可塑性的细胞机制

基本信息

批准号：
BB/J002089/1
负责人：
Frank Sengpiel
金额：
$ 43.29万
依托单位：
CARDIFF UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2012 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FJ002089%2F1
关键词：
Cellular mechanisms developmental plasticity mouse

项目摘要

How we see the world depends on how visual information coming from the eyes is processed in the brain. At the first stage, the primary visual cortex integrates the images from the two eyes, which is essential for stereo vision. At the same time, neurons (nerve cells) in that part of the brain have the ability to detect the orientation of line segments and contours (horizontal, vertical, etc) which forms the basis for object recognition. This 'tuning' or sensitivity for line orientation is partly innate, and partly acquired during a so-called critical period in childhood. Even in adulthood, it can still be affected e.g. by perceptual training. Similarly, the balance between the two eyes depends on early visual experience, and if this is in some way atypical visual disorders will occur that cannot be corrected later in life. In this project, we want to investigate how the orientation tuning and binocularity of individual neurons in mouse primary visual cortex are influenced and altered by early visual experience, a phenomenon known as developmental plasticity. For this purpose, animals will be reared either in a visual environments which contains only contours of a single orientation, or with one eye closed. We will then record the responses of individual nerve cells to visual stimuli using a novel brain imaging technique of very high resolution called two-photon imaging. This technique in which active cells give off fluorescence signals can even be used to monitor the responses of the same neurons over time. We want to use it to find out more about the cellular mechanisms underlying developmental plasticity. First, by using genetically modified mice we can distinguish the two main types of neurons (excitatory and inhibitory ones) which will appear in different colours. We will assess what role these two cell types play in plasticity. Second, we know that certain genes are important for how neurons communicate with each other. We will study mice lacking two particular genes in order to see whether the proteins encoded by these genes are critical for developmental plasticity. It is becoming increasingly evident that many neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric diseases such as Fragile X or schizophrenia involve defects in the communication between nerve cells. Ultimately, we hope that knowing more about how plasticity works under normal circumstances will help us to better understand what goes wrong in childhood developmental disorders and in the ageing brain, and will enable us to develop treatment strategies.

我们如何看待世界取决于来自眼睛的视觉信息如何在大脑中处理。在第一阶段，初级视觉皮层整合来自两只眼睛的图像，这对立体视觉至关重要。与此同时，大脑这一部分的神经元（神经细胞）能够检测线段和轮廓的方向（水平，垂直等），这是物体识别的基础。这种对线条方向的“调整”或敏感性部分是天生的，部分是在童年的所谓关键时期获得的。即使在成年期，它仍然会受到影响，例如通过知觉训练。同样，双眼之间的平衡取决于早期的视觉经验，如果这在某种程度上是非典型的视觉障碍将发生，无法纠正以后的生活。在这个项目中，我们想研究小鼠初级视觉皮层中单个神经元的方向调谐和双眼性如何受到早期视觉经验的影响和改变，这种现象被称为发育可塑性。为此，动物将在仅包含单一方向轮廓的视觉环境中饲养，或闭上一只眼睛饲养。然后，我们将使用一种称为双光子成像的高分辨率脑成像技术记录单个神经细胞对视觉刺激的反应。这种活性细胞发出荧光信号的技术甚至可以用来监测同一神经元随时间的反应。我们想用它来发现更多关于发育可塑性的细胞机制。首先，通过使用转基因小鼠，我们可以区分两种主要类型的神经元（兴奋性和抑制性神经元），它们将以不同的颜色出现。我们将评估这两种细胞类型在可塑性中发挥的作用。其次，我们知道某些基因对神经元如何相互交流很重要。我们将研究缺乏两个特定基因的小鼠，以了解这些基因编码的蛋白质是否对发育可塑性至关重要。越来越明显的是，许多神经发育和神经精神疾病，如脆性X染色体或精神分裂症涉及神经细胞之间的沟通缺陷。最终，我们希望更多地了解可塑性在正常情况下是如何工作的，这将有助于我们更好地了解儿童发育障碍和衰老大脑中的问题，并使我们能够制定治疗策略。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Enhancement of visual cortex plasticity by dark exposure.

通过黑暗暴露增强视觉皮层可塑性。

DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2016.0159
发表时间：
2017-03-05
期刊：
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
影响因子：
0
作者：
Erchova I;Vasalauskaite A;Longo V;Sengpiel F
通讯作者：
Sengpiel F

Dark exposure promotes accelerated recovery from monocular deprivation in adult mice

黑暗暴露促进成年小鼠单眼剥夺加速恢复