Soil surface matters: Microbial controls upon hydraulic behaviour at the soil surface

土壤表面问题：微生物对土壤表面水力行为的控制

• 批准号: BB/J006092/2
• 负责人: Karl Ritz
• 金额: $ 18.2万
• 依托单位: University of Nottingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FJ006092%2F2
• 关键词: Soil; surface; matters; Microbial; controls

Soils are fundamental to terrestrial function, and underpin human civilisation by virtue of the range of goods and ecosystem services they provide, including food production, water storage and filtration, and supporting biodiversity. The soil surface is a crucially important zone since it is the first point of contact between rainfall or irrigation water and the underlying soil. The nature of the soil surface, for example in terms of porosity, structural resilience or hydrophobicity, affects the extent to which water enters the soil matrix (and thus is stored and available to plants) or runs off (potentially leading to soil erosion, pollution of waterways and increased flooding). Some commercially significant soils are prone to aggregate breakdown at the surface under rainfall/irrigation, leading to the formation of seals and caps which can impair crop emergence, affecting both yield and quality and significantly reduce infiltration. Whilst there has been extensive research into the physico-chemical processes involved in this zone, there has been remarkably little consideration of the role that micro-organisms play in affecting key processes occurring at the soil surface in arable and horticultural systems, particularly in the UK context. Soil organisms are known to create, destroy and modify soil structure and water-repellency by a number of mechanisms. However it is only recently that is has been revealed that the biology of the extreme soil surface is rather different to that which occurs in deeper soil zones, and hence the contribution of the soil biota to governing soil:water interactions at the surface needs to be better understood.We propose to quantify the extent to which different types of soil micro-organisms affect the interactions between rainfall, and the structural and hydrological properties of the immediate soil surface. We will achieve this by experimentally manipulating which organisms dominate the microbial community at the soil surface, applying simulated rainfall, and measuring soil structure, the extent to which water infiltrates the soil, how much the soil repels water, and the physical strength of developed surfaces. We will include soils which have been managed by farmers to promote re-aggregation and structural integrity in ways which lead to different microbial communities being present. We will also study how the intensity and kinetic energy of rainfall affects these phenomena, which is important to understand since climate change will affect both storm as well as the energies of individual raindrops impacting the soil surface. Climate change is predicted to increase rainfall intensity, but currently we have no knowledge about how soil management will affect such biological and physical interactions. The results of this research will tell us how the soil microbial community affects the performance of the soil surface, and provide the fundamental knowledge necessary for designing ways to manage soil systems more effectively and sustainably.

土壤是陆地功能的基础，并凭借其提供的一系列商品和生态系统服务而支撑着人类文明，包括粮食生产、水储存和过滤以及支持生物多样性。土壤表面是一个极其重要的区域，因为它是降雨或灌溉水与下层土壤的第一个接触点。土壤表面的性质，例如孔隙度、结构弹性或疏水性，影响水进入土壤基质(从而被储存并可供植物利用)或流失(可能导致土壤侵蚀、水道污染和洪水增加)的程度。一些具有重要商业意义的土壤在降雨/灌溉条件下容易在地表发生团聚体破裂，导致形成封口和盖子，这可能会损害作物出苗，影响产量和质量，并显著减少入渗量。虽然对这一区域涉及的物理化学过程进行了广泛的研究，但对微生物在影响耕地和园艺系统中土壤表面发生的关键过程中所起的作用，特别是在英国的背景下，考虑得非常少。众所周知，土壤有机体通过多种机制创造、破坏和改变土壤结构和防水性。然而，直到最近才发现，极端土壤表面的生物学与土壤深层的生物学有很大的不同，因此土壤生物群对土壤治理的贡献：表面的水分相互作用需要更好地了解。我们建议量化不同类型的土壤微生物对降雨之间相互作用的程度，以及直接土壤表面的结构和水文性质。我们将通过实验操纵哪些生物主导土壤表面的微生物群落，应用模拟降雨，并测量土壤结构，水渗透到土壤的程度，土壤排斥水的程度，以及发达表面的物理强度，从而实现这一点。我们将包括由农民管理的土壤，以促进重新聚集和结构完整性，从而导致不同微生物群落的存在。我们还将研究降雨的强度和动能如何影响这些现象，了解这一点很重要，因为气候变化将影响风暴和影响土壤表面的单个雨滴的能量。气候变化预计会增加降雨强度，但目前我们不知道土壤管理将如何影响这种生物和物理相互作用。这项研究的结果将告诉我们土壤微生物群落如何影响土壤表面的性能，并为设计更有效和可持续地管理土壤系统的方法提供必要的基础知识。

项目成果

Soil seal development under simulated rainfall: Structural, physical and hydrological dynamics.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.10.073
• 发表时间: 2018-01
• 期刊: Journal of hydrology
• 影响因子: 6.4
• 作者: Armenise E;Simmons RW;Ahn S;Garbout A;Doerr SH;Mooney SJ;Sturrock CJ;Ritz K
• 通讯作者: Ritz K

Soil architecture and soil health

土壤结构和土壤健康

• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: RitzK

Light work at the soil surface: microbial controls upon the architecture of the soil-atmosphere interface

土壤表面的光作用：微生物对土壤-大气界面结构的控制

• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: Ritz K

Soil biodiversity, function and health

土壤生物多样性、功能和健康

• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: Ritz K

Novel approaches to quantifying the micro topology of soil surfaces by X-ray micro computed tomography

通过 X 射线微型计算机断层扫描量化土壤表面微观拓扑的新方法

• 发表时间: 2014
• 作者: Garbout A