Establishment of a multi-sectoral strategy for the control of brucellosis in the main peri-urban dairy production zones of West and Central Africa

为西非和中非主要城郊乳制品生产区制定控制布鲁氏菌病的多部门战略

• 批准号: BB/L019078/1
• 负责人: Javier Guitian
• 金额: $ 225.47万
• 依托单位: Royal Veterinary College
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FL019078%2F1
• 关键词: Establishment; multi; sectoral; strategy; control

Brucellosis is the world's most widespread zoonosis, imposing a substantial burden on the livelihoods of poor people as a result of human disease and reduced livestock productivity. However, brucellosis is rarely a priority for health systems and for this reason the WHO classifies brucellosis as a "neglected endemic zoonosis". The main routes by which people can be infected are consumption of contaminated dairy products and direct contact with infected animals. Therefore, the control of human brucellosis depends on its control in animals, mainly ruminants, while its detrimental effects include both animal and human disease. Although a range of tools (diagnostics, vaccines) are available and have been used, sometimes successfully, to control brucellosis in different parts of the world the disease remains present at high levels in others. It is likely that failure to control the disease is due to a combination of factors, some of them technical (e.g. quality and appropriateness of different vaccines for different settings), others socioeconomic (livestock keepers perceptions towards the disease and incentives for its control) or institutional (priority given by veterinary services to the disease, lack of interaction between animal health and public health services). In this project we target one of the livestock systems in which Brucellosis is likely to pose the heaviest burden on vulnerable populations in Sub-Saharan Africa: dairy farms supplying milk to rapidly growing urban populations in West and Central Africa, and we will do it by integrating a range of disciplines so that we consider the different biological, social and institutional dimensions of the disease that are relevant for its control. We will focus on the first phase of control of the disease: the reduction of its prevalence by means of vaccination, since total eradication requires conditions that are not currently met in the target area. The so-called peri-urban dairy farms are an important source of wealth in poor settings and a source of protein in increasingly urbanised African populations. Furthermore, there is evidence that this region has the highest prevalence of ruminant brucellosis in Sub-Saharan Africa.We will carry out a series of field studies to measure the burden of brucellosis in livestock productivity and human health in the main areas for peri-urban dairy production in the 15 target countries, to identify routes by which people become infected, to quantify the economic consequences of the disease for farmers and to understand farmers' perceptions and attitudes toward the disease. In parallel we will carry out a series of training activities and we will work with local institutions to identify barriers for effective and sustainable control and to overcome those. The results will be used to design and carry out 2-year control programs based on vaccination in a small number of settings. The effectiveness of these control programs will be carefully monitored and the results widely shared within and outside the region.Central to this project is the Interstate School of Veterinary Science and Medicine of Dakar (EISMV) a regional educational hub that involves 15 West and Central African countries. EISMV academics will work in partnership with UK-based researchers from two leading veterinary and medical educational institutions: Royal Veterinary College and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and with the international reference laboratory for brucellosis at Animal Health Veterinary Laboratories Agency. The Global Alliance for Livestock Veterinary Medicines (GALVmed), an organization which works globally to facilitate access of poor livestock keepers to affordable livestock vaccines, medicines and diagnostics will also be an essential part of the consortium contributing to the translation of our research findings into tangible benefits for vulnerable populations and livestock keepers in poor countries.

布鲁氏菌病是世界上传播最广泛的人畜共患病，由于人类疾病和牲畜产量下降，给穷人的生计带来了沉重的负担。然而，布鲁氏菌病很少是卫生系统的优先事项，因此世界卫生组织将布鲁氏菌病归类为“被忽视的地方性人畜共患病”。人感染的主要途径是食用受污染的乳制品和直接接触受感染的动物。因此，人类布鲁氏菌病的控制依赖于对动物，主要是反刍动物的控制，而其有害影响包括动物和人类疾病。尽管有一系列工具(诊断、疫苗)可供使用，并已在世界不同地区成功地用于控制布鲁氏菌病，但在其他地区，布鲁氏菌病的发病率仍然很高。未能控制疾病可能是多种因素综合作用的结果，其中一些是技术因素(例如不同环境下不同疫苗的质量和适当性)，另一些是社会经济因素(牲畜饲养者对疾病的看法和控制的激励措施)或体制因素(兽医部门对疾病给予优先考虑、动物卫生和公共卫生服务之间缺乏互动)。在这个项目中，我们的目标是布氏杆菌病可能对撒哈拉以南非洲脆弱人口造成最沉重负担的牲畜系统之一：向西非和中部非洲快速增长的城市人口供应牛奶的奶牛场，我们将通过整合一系列学科来实现这一目标，以便我们考虑与疾病控制相关的不同生物学、社会和机构层面。我们将把重点放在疾病控制的第一阶段：通过接种疫苗来减少其流行率，因为彻底根除需要目标地区目前没有满足的条件。所谓的城郊奶牛场是贫困地区的重要财富来源，也是日益城市化的非洲人口的蛋白质来源。此外，有证据表明，该地区是撒哈拉以南非洲反刍动物布鲁氏菌病患病率最高的地区。我们将开展一系列实地研究，以衡量15个目标国家城市周边乳制品主产区布鲁氏菌病对牲畜生产和人类健康的负担，确定人感染的途径，量化疾病对农民的经济后果，并了解农民对疾病的看法和态度。同时，我们将开展一系列培训活动，我们将与当地机构合作，找出有效和可持续控制的障碍，并克服这些障碍。结果将用于在少数情况下设计和执行基于疫苗接种的为期两年的控制计划。该项目的核心是达喀尔州际兽医学院(EISMV)，这是一个涉及15个西非和中非国家的区域教育中心。EISMV学者将与来自两家领先兽医和医学教育机构的英国研究人员合作：皇家兽医学院和伦敦卫生与热带医学院，并与动物健康兽医实验室的布鲁氏菌病国际参考实验室合作。全球牲畜兽药联盟(GALVmed)是一个在全球范围内促进贫困牲畜饲养者获得负担得起的牲畜疫苗、药品和诊断方法的组织，它也将是该联盟的重要组成部分，有助于将我们的研究成果转化为贫困国家脆弱人口和牲畜饲养者的切实利益。

项目成果

They say that if one heats milk, the cow will have sore breasts": High risk of milk borne ifections in Senegal due to pathogene presence and risky practices.

他们说，如果加热牛奶，奶牛的乳房就会疼痛”：由于病原体的存在和危险的做法，塞内加尔乳源性感染的风险很高。

• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Chengat Prakashbabu B.

Epidémiologie de la Brucellose bovine au Sénégal : suivi cas-témoins dans les zones périurbaines de Dakar et Thiès, Sénégal.

塞内加尔牛布鲁氏菌流行病学：在塞内加尔达喀尔和蒂耶斯的佩里尔班地区的流行病学。

• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Alimatou Yague

Brucella abortus antibodies in bovine bulk milk: prevalence and KAP study in the peri-urban zones of Bamenda Cameroon

散装牛奶中的布鲁氏菌流产抗体：喀麦隆巴门达城郊地区的流行率和 KAP 研究

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: AidaCha-Ah Crystella Ngong

Using mixed methods to study the drivers of milk borne pathogens: A case study among dairy farmers and milk processors in Senegal.

使用混合方法研究奶源病原体的驱动因素：塞内加尔奶农和牛奶加工商的案例研究。

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Chengat B

Brucellose Bovine au Niger : Enquête Cap (Connaissances, Attitudes Et Pratiques) et Prévalence dans les Elevages Laitiers à Torodi et Namaro (Région de Tillaberi)

尼日尔布氏牛：Enquäte Cap（认识、态度和实践）和 Prévalence dans les Elevages Laitiers à Torodi et Namaro（Région de Tillaberi）

• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Abdoul Karim Yahaya Aboubacar