Foodborne diseases and public health governance: comparing food safety, consumer preferences and governance in the supply of meat to urban markets

食源性疾病和公共卫生治理：比较食品安全、消费者偏好和城市市场肉类供应的治理

• 批准号: MR/S025049/1
• 负责人: Javier Guitian
• 金额: $ 70.39万
• 依托单位: Royal Veterinary College
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FS025049%2F1
• 关键词: Foodborne; diseases; public; health; governance

We will study the safety of chicken meat and beef, how poor people access these meats and how can their safety be improved to increase people's nutrition and health in Peru. We have chosen to study meat because 1) meat is an excellent source of high-quality protein and nutrients (especially important for children and adolescents), but 2) consumption of meat is often associated with foodborne illness, in particular in low- and middle-income countries such as Peru. The synergistic interactions of diarrhoea and undernutrition are well recognized and young children are particularly vulnerable. In Peru, diarrhoea is one of the most common illness for children, causing long-lasting malnutrition, and problems in infants' and children's health. For adults, these diseases lead to illness and at times death. Therefore, it is important to understand how safe meat products are in Peru, from whom poor people buy meats, and how the quality of meats poor people consume can be improved. We will study three kinds of meat vendors: supermarkets, wet markets, and street vendors. Peruvian people buy much of their everyday food from wet markets and street vendors. However, supermarkets are becoming important as well. Even though research to date assumes that supermarkets sell better quality and safer meat, this has not been proven. Policy makers across the world have suggested moving from traditional wet markets to supermarkets in order to improve food safety. We need research to first test whether food safety differs across the types of vendors and identify the best ways to improve meat safety for all citizens, including poor consumers and farmers who supply traditional markets. We will conduct research in three medium-sized cities in Peru. We selected these cities because they receive chicken and beef from different parts of Peru and outside of Peru. We will conduct our research with people who are involved with production and consumption of chicken and beef. More specifically, we want to answer the following questions:1. What are the food safety risks of locally supplied meat by small-scale farmers compared with imported meat or meat produced by large-scale farmers? 2. How are food safety risks perceived and addressed by farmers, traders, processors, food vendors and poor urban consumers? How do consumers perceive the link to their/their children's nutritional health?3. What food hygiene measures can improve safety of meat sourced from different supply chains?4. What governance models can improve food safety and public health without disrupting local food production?We will first study what laws exist in Peru that ensure food safety in supermarkets, wet markets and street vendors. Then, we will ask vendors how they obtain their meats, from whom, what they think about meat safety, and how they ensure food safety when selling meats. We will evaluate what vendor practices can increase food safety risks, and biologically test if certain pathogens that cause human illness exist in meats. We will use one type of bacteria meat safety indicator: E.coli and the enterotoxigenic strain E.coli 0157:H7 is one of the major meat-borne pathogen causing colitis and haemolytic-uremic syndrome in children, it shares exposure routes with other common foodborne gastrointestinal pathogens and its presence (of E.coli itself, not necessarily enterotoxigenic) can be used as hygiene indicator along the food chain. We will use simulation models to test the impact of potential controls and will ask consumers and other actors how they think about food safety and what they do to improve it. At the end of the project, we will communicate our findings at an event where we invite Peruvian policy makers, farmers, traders, slaughterers, vendors, consumers and Peruvian researchers. This event will ensure that our research is used by people who are affected and are in the position to improve food safety outcomes in Peru that are important for nutrition and health

我们将研究鸡肉和牛肉的安全性，穷人如何获得这些肉类，以及如何提高它们的安全性，以增加秘鲁人民的营养和健康。我们之所以选择研究肉类，是因为1)肉类是优质蛋白质和营养物质的极好来源(对儿童和青少年尤其重要)，但2)肉类的消费往往与食源性疾病有关，特别是在秘鲁等低收入和中等收入国家。腹泻和营养不良的协同作用是公认的，幼儿特别容易受到伤害。在秘鲁，腹泻是儿童最常见的疾病之一，导致长期营养不良，并对婴儿和儿童的健康造成问题。对于成年人来说，这些疾病会导致疾病，有时还会导致死亡。因此，重要的是要了解秘鲁的肉类产品有多安全，穷人从谁那里购买肉类，以及如何提高穷人消费的肉类的质量。我们将研究三种肉类摊贩：超市、菜市场和街头小贩。秘鲁人的大部分日常食品都是从菜市场和街头小贩那里购买的。然而，超市也变得越来越重要。尽管到目前为止的研究假设超市销售质量更好、更安全的肉类，但这一点尚未得到证实。世界各地的政策制定者都建议从传统的湿货市场转向超市，以提高食品安全。我们需要研究，首先测试食品安全在不同类型的商贩之间是否有所不同，并找出改善所有公民肉类安全的最佳方法，包括贫穷的消费者和供应传统市场的农民。我们将在秘鲁的三个中等城市进行研究。我们之所以选择这些城市，是因为它们接收来自秘鲁不同地区和秘鲁以外的鸡肉和牛肉。我们将与参与鸡肉和牛肉生产和消费的人进行研究。更具体地说，我们想回答以下问题：1.小规模农户本地供应的肉类与进口肉类或规模化农户生产的肉类相比，存在哪些食品安全风险？2.农民、贸易商、加工商、食品商贩和城市贫困消费者如何感知和解决食品安全风险？消费者如何看待与孩子营养健康的联系？3.什么食品卫生措施可以改善来自不同供应链的肉类的安全性？4.什么管理模式可以在不破坏当地食品生产的情况下改善食品安全和公共健康？我们将首先研究秘鲁现有的哪些法律，以确保超市、菜市场和街头小贩的食品安全。然后，我们将询问商贩他们是如何获得肉类的，从谁那里获得肉类，他们对肉类安全有什么看法，以及他们在销售肉类时如何确保食品安全。我们将评估哪些供应商的做法会增加食品安全风险，并对肉类中是否存在导致人类疾病的某些病原体进行生物测试。我们会使用一种细菌肉类安全指标：E.Coli0157：H7，而肠毒素E.Coli0157：H7是引起儿童结肠炎和溶血性尿毒症综合征的主要肉源性病原体之一，它与其他常见的食源性胃肠道病原体有共同的接触途径，其存在(大肠杆菌本身，不一定是肠毒素)可作为食物链的卫生指标。我们将使用模拟模型来测试潜在控制措施的影响，并将询问消费者和其他参与者他们对食品安全的看法，以及他们采取了什么措施来改善食品安全。在项目结束时，我们将在邀请秘鲁政策制定者、农民、贸易商、屠宰者、供应商、消费者和秘鲁研究人员的活动上传达我们的发现。这一活动将确保我们的研究被受影响的人使用，并有能力改善秘鲁对营养和健康至关重要的食品安全结果

项目成果

Detection and Isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Beef from Food Markets and Fecal Samples of Dairy Calves in the Peruvian Central Highlands.

秘鲁中部高地食品市场牛肉和奶牛粪便样本中大肠杆菌 O157:H7 的检测和分离。

• DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0181
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene
• 作者: Gonzales BL

Salmonella in Chicken and Pork Meat are Likely to be a Major Contributor to Foodborne Illness in Peru

鸡肉和猪肉中的沙门氏菌可能是秘鲁食源性疾病的主要原因

• DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4226470
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: SSRN Electronic Journal
• 作者: Ho-Palma A

Development of a dose-response model for porcine cysticercosis.

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264898
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: PloS one
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Andrade-Mogrovejo DA;Gonzales-Gustavson E;Ho-Palma AC;Prada JM;Bonnet G;Pizzitutti F;Gomez-Puerta LA;Arroyo G;O'Neal SE;Garcia HH;Guitian J;Gonzalez A;Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru
• 通讯作者: Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru

COVID Policy and Urban Food Markets in Peru: Governance and Compliance

• DOI: 10.1080/00220388.2023.2178303
• 发表时间: 2023-02
• 期刊: The Journal of Development Studies
• 作者: G. Ton;M. Espinoza;R. Fort