NUTRITIONAL DETERMINANTS OF BREAST CANCER RISK

尽管一系列的国际人口研究和动物 实验表明，饮食中的脂肪可能会增加患乳腺癌的风险， 癌症，迄今为止进行的流行病学研究得出了不一致的结论， 结果 然而，很少有流行病学研究测量了特定的脂肪酸， 酸摄入量或控制其他营养因素， 抗氧化剂，这可能会改变脂肪摄入的影响。 一个病例对照研究提出了解决一系列的假设， 饮食中的生化等指标摄入对乳腺癌的风险 绝经后妇女的癌症。 具体而言，假设 以下因素会增加患乳腺癌的风险： 1)高脂肪酸饮食，如亚油酸和反式脂肪酸 2)低硒日粮 3)高脂肪饮食 4)多不饱和脂肪酸的高摄入量和低摄入量的结合 摄入抗氧化剂（硒、维生素A和E以及特定的类胡萝卜素 部分）或低水平的血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性。 病例和对照将是绝经后妇女，她们是 Dana Farber癌症研究所乳腺评估中心及其 手术人员 三年内，1 080名受试者- 360名妇女， 诊断为局部或区域性乳腺癌的受试者和各两名对照受试者 1例（1例无需要活检的乳腺疾病，另1例为良性 乳腺疾病）-将入组。 将测量特定脂肪酸 通过毛细管柱气液色谱法从皮下脂肪中分离脂肪 用中子活化分析法对趾甲进行硒分析; 维生素A、E和特定的类胡萝卜素组分 血浆色谱法;和总膳食脂肪，纤维，蛋白质，维生素C 和其他营养素通过验证半定量食物频率 问卷 这项研究还将提供一个机会， 微核试验，一种可能的DNA损伤测量方法。 将研究特定饮食因素的影响和相互作用 使用粗糙的、分层的和多变量的分析。 研究设计 保守地提供了90%的概率检测相对 极端四分位数暴露的风险为2.0。

Although a series of international population studies and animal experiments suggest that dietary fat may increase the risk of breast cancer, epidemiologic studies conducted to date have yielded inconsistent results. However, few epidemiologic studies have measured specific fatty acid intakes or have controlled for other nutritional factors, particularly antioxidants, that may modify the effect of fat intake. A case-control study is proposed to address a series of hypotheses relating biochemical and other indicators of dietary intake to the risk of breast cancer among post-menopausal women. Specifically, it is hypothesized that the following factors increase the risk of breast cancer: 1) diets high in specific fatty acids such as linoleic and trans fatty acids 2) diets low in selenium 3) diets high in total fat 4) the combination of high intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids and low intake of antioxidants (selenium, vitamins A and E and specific carotenoid fractions) or low level of plasma glutathione peroxidase activity. Cases and controls will be post-menopausal women who are patients of the Breast Evaluation Center of the Dana Farber Cancer Institute and its surgical staff. Over three years 1080 subjects - 360 women with newly diagnosed local or regional breast cancer and two control subjects for each case (one with no breast disease requiring biopsy and another with benign breast disease) - will be enrolled. Specific fatty acids will be measured by capillary column gas-liquid chromatography of fat from subcutaneous fat aspiration specimens; selenium by neutron activation analysis of toenails; vitamins A, E and specific carotenoid fractions by high-pressure liquid chromatography of plasma; and total dietary fat, fiber, protein, vitamin C and other nutrients by a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The study will also provide an opportunity to evaluate the micronuclei test, a possible measure of DNA damage. The effects and interactions of specific dietary factors will be studied using crude, stratified, and multivariate analyses. The study design conservatively provides a 90 percent probability of detecting relative risks of 2.0 for extreme quartiles of exposure.