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The role of soft tissues in cranial biomechanics - an investigation using advanced computer modelling techniques

软组织在颅骨生物力学中的作用 - 使用先进计算机建模技术的研究

基本信息

批准号：
BB/M008525/1
负责人：
Michael Fagan
金额：
$ 47.48万
依托单位：
University of Hull
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FM008525%2F1
关键词：
role soft tissues cranial biomechanics

项目摘要

The skull forms a protective shell that encloses the brain and major sense organs. However, it is not an inert structure. During development, the interplay between cranial tissues helps to shape adult skull structure, and even in adult life there is an intimate dialogue between bone and cranial soft tissues that continues to modify and maintain cranial shape. Bone responds to strains, be they from feeding movements/jaw muscles, neck muscles, or the pressures exerted by blood vessels and other structures within the head. In recent years, the application of mechanical engineering software to biomechanics (by ourselves and others) has increased our understanding of the level and distribution of stresses experienced by the skull by everyday activities. However, it has become clear that the skulls of mammals and reptiles respond in different ways to similar stresses. Part of this difference may relate to skull shape - the enclosed shell-like skull of mammals versus the frame-like skull of many reptiles. However, none of these previous studies have taken into consideration a major component of cranial anatomy - the soft tissues that cover the skull on the one hand and are enclosed by it on the other. Together skull and soft tissues make up what some researchers have deemed a 'functional matrix'. Our objective is to examine the role of different parts of that matrix and determine whether they differ in mammal and reptile skulls.Our research group is interdisciplinary, with expertise in reptile and mammalian anatomy and evolution, biomechanical engineering, and the analysis of shape in relation to function. We have established a strong track-record and have pioneered an approach that combines the use of dynamic 3-D models (multibody dynamics analysis) and stress analysis (finite element analysis). This yields detailed, anatomically accurate working computer models of animal skulls, including joints (mobile and sutural) and muscles (jaw and neck). Through our previous funded research, we have built up a collection of detailed, anatomically correct, dynamic 3-D models of reptiles and mammals in which the skull, sutures, and both jaw and neck musculature are accurately rendered. These have been validated with in vivo analysis. These models will form the basis for the new project with the addition of accurately rendered soft tissue structures including periosteum, dura and cranial fascia; orbital contents; brain; and oral contents. The data for the anatomical work will be generated by dissection, contrast-stained CT scanning and MRI, and histological examination of fascial fibre types and arrangement.

头骨形成一个保护壳，包围着大脑和主要感觉器官。然而，它不是惰性结构。在发育过程中，颅骨组织之间的相互作用有助于塑造成人颅骨结构，即使在成年生活中，骨骼和颅骨软组织之间也存在着密切的对话，持续改变和维持颅骨形状。骨骼对张力做出反应，无论是来自进食运动/下颌肌肉、颈部肌肉，还是血管和头部内其他结构施加的压力。近年来，机械工程软件在生物力学中的应用（我们自己和其他人）增加了我们对日常活动中头骨所承受的压力水平和分布的了解。然而，很明显，哺乳动物和爬行动物的头骨对相似的压力有不同的反应。这种差异部分可能与头骨形状有关——哺乳动物的封闭式贝壳状头骨与许多爬行动物的框架状头骨。然而，这些先前的研究都没有考虑到颅骨解剖结构的主要组成部分——一方面覆盖颅骨，另一方面被颅骨包围的软组织。头骨和软组织共同构成了一些研究人员所认为的“功能基质”。我们的目标是检查该基质的不同部分的作用，并确定它们在哺乳动物和爬行动物头骨中是否有所不同。我们的研究小组是跨学科的，拥有爬行动物和哺乳动物解剖学和进化、生物力学工程以及形状与功能相关的分析方面的专业知识。我们已经建立了良好的记录，并开创了一种结合使用动态 3D 模型（多体动力学分析）和应力分析（有限元分析）的方法。这样可以生成详细的、解剖学上准确的动物头骨工作计算机模型，包括关节（活动关节和缝合关节）和肌肉（下巴和颈部）。通过我们之前资助的研究，我们建立了一系列详细的、解剖学上正确的动态 3D 爬行动物和哺乳动物模型，其中头骨、缝合线以及下颌和颈部肌肉组织都得到了准确的渲染。这些已通过体内分析得到验证。这些模型将构成新项目的基础，并添加精确渲染的软组织结构，包括骨膜、硬脑膜和颅筋膜；轨道内容物；脑;和口头内容。解剖工作的数据将通过解剖、对比染色 CT 扫描和 MRI 以及筋膜纤维类型和排列的组织学检查来生成。