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Risks and Opportunities for Sustainable Aquaculture (ROSA)

可持续水产养殖的风险和机遇（ROSA）

基本信息

批准号：
BB/M026221/1
负责人：
Icarus Allen
金额：
$ 29.04万
依托单位：
Plymouth Marine Laboratory
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FM026221%2F1
关键词：
Risks Opportunities Sustainable Aquaculture ROSA

项目摘要

The aquaculture of suspension-feeding bivalve shellfish (i.e. mussels, oysters, cockles, clams, scallops) is among the fastest-growing of all food-producing sectors, making a direct contribution of more than £500 million to the UK economy , with much greater multiplier effects, all projected to grow significantly in the coming decade. Despite these contributions, we lack a clear national roadmap that describes how to optimise the growth and integration of this sector with diverse activities now taking place in the coastal zone. Aquaculture may have both positive and negative impacts on the marine environment. In particular any overexploitation of an area may have severe effects on commercial productivity and ecosystem health. Consequently UK aquaculture operations are required to conform to strict controls including an environmental impact assessment. The goal of ROSA is to develop management strategies which will allow sustainable development, balancing the potential benefits (e.g. improved water quality, mitigation of biodiversity loss, economic activity) with the risks (e.g. loss of habitat due to both siting of farms and seed collection). Such knowledge is vital for successful promotion, societal acceptance and development of the industry.A key factor for successful aquaculture is the suitability of farmed species. This depends upon a number of factors including growth rate, cost of production, market price, site location and resistance to disease. Assessing these issues is complicated, because shellfish are highly responsive to fluctuations in temperature, salinity, food availability and food composition, as frequently occur in near-shore environments where most aquaculture takes place. These responses not only affect shellfish population growth, but also the capacity of each host ecosystem within which aquaculture is situated. As environmental dynamics alter, for example due to climate change, the risks and opportunities for aquaculture are almost certain to change. As a result, the species farmed and associated culture practice may also have to change. Consequently, we must consider the potential risks and benefits of environmental change; addressing direct impacts such as increasing temperature, storminess, exposure to wind and waves, plus frequency of harmful algal bloom events. It is also important to identify locations and culture practices that minimise impacts at local and regional scales. Only by modelling how suspension-feeding shellfish interact with ecosystem processes, can environmental impacts of and capacities for culture be realistically assessed. We propose to enable such modelling within a bespoke and portable desktop-based model tool on behalf of the UK aquaculture sector. This will draw upon the best available science and tools, realising the potential of this integrated approach to resolve temporal and spatial variations within a GIS decision support platform tailored according to user requirements. For the first time, at scales ranging from individual farms to regional waters, this will enable the projection of likely risks resulting from interrelations between habitat suitability and culture practise. To ensure immediate applied relevance, the tool will be developed in direct consultation with the aquaculture industry and its regulators.

悬浮饲养双壳贝类（即贻贝，牡蛎，鸟蛤，蛤蜊，扇贝）的水产养殖是所有食品生产部门中增长最快的，对英国经济的直接贡献超过5亿英镑，具有更大的乘数效应，预计在未来十年内将大幅增长。尽管做出了这些贡献，但我们缺乏一个明确的国家路线图，描述如何优化该部门的增长和整合，使其与沿海地区正在进行的各种活动相结合。水生生物对海洋环境既有积极影响，也有消极影响。特别是，一个地区的任何过度开发都可能对商业生产力和生态系统健康产生严重影响。因此，英国水产养殖业务必须符合严格的控制，包括环境影响评估。南部非洲区域办事处的目标是制定管理战略，实现可持续发展，平衡潜在利益（例如改善水质、减轻生物多样性损失、经济活动）与风险（例如由于农场选址和种子采集造成的生境损失）。这些知识对于成功推广、社会接受和行业发展至关重要。成功水产养殖的一个关键因素是养殖物种的适宜性。这取决于许多因素，包括生长速度、生产成本、市场价格、地点和抗病能力。评估这些问题是复杂的，因为贝类对温度、盐度、食物供应和食物组成的波动高度敏感，这在大多数水产养殖发生的近岸环境中经常发生。这些反应不仅影响贝类种群的增长，而且影响水产养殖所在的每个宿主生态系统的能力。随着环境动态的变化，例如由于气候变化，水产养殖的风险和机会几乎肯定会发生变化。因此，养殖的物种和相关的养殖实践也可能必须改变。因此，我们必须考虑到环境变化的潜在风险和益处;解决直接影响，如温度升高、暴风雨、暴露于风浪以及有害藻华事件的频率。同样重要的是，要确定在地方和区域范围内最大限度地减少影响的地点和文化习俗。只有通过模拟悬浮摄食贝类如何与生态系统过程相互作用，才能现实地评估养殖的环境影响和能力。我们建议代表英国水产养殖部门在定制和便携式桌面模型工具内启用此类建模。这将利用现有的最佳科学和工具，实现这一综合方法在根据用户要求定制的地理信息系统决策支持平台内解决时间和空间变化的潜力。这是第一次，在从单个农场到区域沃茨的尺度上，这将使人们能够预测生境适宜性和文化实践之间的相互关系所造成的可能风险。为确保即时应用相关性，将与水产养殖业及其监管机构直接协商开发该工具。