COCAINE EFFECTS ON AROUSAL AND ATTENTION IN NEONATES

可卡因对新生儿的唤醒和注意力的影响

• 批准号: 3213313
• 负责人: BERNARD Z KARMEL
• 金额: $ 36.61万
• 依托单位: INSTITUTE FOR BASIC RES IN DEV DISABIL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-08-01 至 1994-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3213313
• 关键词: arousal; attention; brain stem; cocaine; cognition; cortisol; developmental neurobiology; embryo /fetus drug adverse effect; female; heart rate; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); memory; motivation; neural transmission; newborn human (0-6 weeks); psychoacoustics; saliva; stress; visual perception

We hypothesize that because of cocaine's effect on the developing catecholamine system, prenatal cocaine exposure should interfere with the infant's ability to regulate and control arousal, thereby affecting the normal development of attention grocesses. Thus, neonates and young infants of cocaine abusing mothers will differ in how they integrate arousal and attention as compared to (a) non-exposed, drug-free controls, and (b) infants with other CNS risk conditions. Furthermore, these differences will persist through the first year of life and be detected primarily using tasks that require visual information processing. Preliminary evidence indicates that cocaine-exposed infants tend to look at more stimulating events regardless of manipulations of arousal that would normally shift preferences to less stimulating events. This behavioral difference is in marked contrast to that of infants with structural CNS insults and to that of normal infants. Specifically, we propose: (a) to replicate and extend these studies during the neonatal period; (b) to study the interaction of early cocaine-exposure with developmental changes in attentional and perceptual systems and with subsequent development of recognition memory, predicting that cocaine exposure will interfere with the normal development of these processes when evaluated at 1, 4, and 7 months postterm age; and (c) determine the degree to which cognitive development at 10 and 13 months posterm age, measured by mastery motivation and response to surprising experiences, is affected cocaine exposure, predicting that cocaine exposure will affect the development of motivational systems and will alter attention to unusual information in the environment, resulting in the need for longer familiarization to appreciate violations of expectancies or possible from impossible events. In addition, we expect to find corroborative evidence of the adverse effect of in utero cocaine exposure by studying neonatal neurobehavioral performance, salivary cortisol responses as an indicator of reaction to stress, brainstem auditory evoked responses as an indicator of development of neural transmission speed in relation to IUGR produced by in utero stress, and heart-rate variability changes as an indicator of altered ANS integration with environmental experiences.

我们假设由于可卡因对发育中的 儿茶酚胺系统，产前可卡因暴露应干扰 婴儿调节和控制唤醒的能力，从而影响 注意力的正常发展。因此，新生儿和年轻人 滥用可卡因的母亲的婴儿在如何融入社会方面会有所不同， 与（a）未暴露、无药物对照组相比， 和（B）具有其它CNS危险状况的婴儿。而且这些 差异将持续到生命的第一年， 主要使用需要视觉信息处理的任务。 初步证据表明，接触可卡因的婴儿往往看起来 在更刺激的事件中， 通常会将偏好转移到刺激性较低的事件上。这 行为差异与婴儿的行为差异形成鲜明对比， 结构性CNS损伤和正常婴儿的结构性CNS损伤。我们特别 建议：（a）在新生儿期重复和扩大这些研究， （B）研究早期可卡因暴露与 注意力和知觉系统的发展变化， 随后认知记忆的发展，预测可卡因 曝光将干扰这些过程的正常发展 当在足月后1、4和7个月龄时进行评估时;以及（c）确定 足月后10个月和13个月的认知发育程度， 通过掌握动机和对令人惊讶的经历的反应来衡量， 影响可卡因暴露，预测可卡因暴露将影响 动机系统的发展，并将改变对 环境中不寻常的信息，导致需要更长的时间 熟悉，以了解违反预期或可能从 不可能的事件另外，我们希望能找到确凿的证据 通过研究新生儿在子宫内接触可卡因的不良影响， 神经行为表现，唾液皮质醇反应作为指标 以脑干听觉诱发反应为指标， 神经传递速度的发展与IUGR的产生有关 通过子宫内压力，心率变异性变化作为指标， 改变ANS与环境经验的整合。