Development of arousal and attention regulation: Modulation of Motor Activity

这个项目的主要目标是了解早期调节运动行为的能力如何形成早期生命中运动调节发展的基础，以及这一过程如何被急性中枢神经系统损伤和对发育中的神经系统的慢性应激所改变。它扩展了我们正在进行的工作，通过检查唤醒对运动调节的影响，同时解决与评估和理解发育障碍的早期先兆相关的实际问题。具体目标是：(1)研究自发运动和诱发运动 (2)研究从新生儿期到学龄前(从新生儿到5岁)运动调节的各种感官和环境输入的特定假设驱动的标记任务，(3)将生命早期的运动调节能力与后来的运动行为的自我调节成分联系起来，(4)评估慢性应激和急性中枢神经系统损伤对运动调节发育过程的影响，以及(5)将运动调节的研究结果与运动调节的类型相结合 运动技能障碍在我们的高危人群中很普遍。虽然大多数关于高危婴儿和儿童的中枢神经系统损伤和运动发育的研究集中在严重运动残疾的发生率和程度等因素上，但这个子项目将通过研究急性和慢性侮辱对婴儿调节运动活动的能力的影响，超越对运动通路的直接和明显损害。研究将检查婴儿对早期自发和诱发运动的调节，较大婴儿对运动的调节 在各种感觉、认知、环境和社会需求下的行为。这项设计是一项纵向前瞻性研究，共有2个队列：330名来自NICU的新招募婴儿从出生到34个月进行测试，275名以前招募的儿童从34到60个月进行测试。这项研究的纵向特征及其对运动调节的整合是从新生儿到学龄前儿童的结果，提供了关于早期损伤、早期注意力调节能力、执行功能和语言发展的信息，不仅有望提高运动发育和调节的理论知识，而且还可以为治疗干预提供潜在的策略建议。这一分项目将利用核心程序的自动调节信息以及次级项目二的手势和社会交流信息，因为它们有助于电机调节。

The primary goal of this project is to understand how the early ability to modulate motor behavior forms the basis for the development of motor regulation over the early years of life, and how this process is modified by acute CNS injury and chronic stress on the developing nervous system. It extends our ongoing work by examining arousal effects on motor regulation while addressing practical issues associated with assessment and understanding of early precursors to developmental disabilities. Specific aims are (1) to study spontaneous and elicited motor activity during the neonatal period, including how this is modulated by arousal and related to attention modulation during this period, (2) to study specific hypothesis-driven marker tasks involving various sensory and environmental inputs on motor regulation from the neonatal period through the pre-school years (from newborn to 5 years), (3) to relate the ability to modulate motor activity in the early months of life to later autoregulatory components of motor behavior, (4) to evaluate the effect of chronic stress and acute CNS injury on this developmental process of motor regulation, and (5) to integrate findings on motor regulation with the types of dysfunction in motor skill that are prevalent in our high-risk population. While most studies of CNS injury and motor development in high-risk infants and children concentrate on factors such as incidence and degree of gross motor disabilities, this Subproject will look beyond direct and obvious damage to motor pathways by examining the effects of CNS injury from acute and chronic insult on the infant's ability to modulate motor activity. Studies will examine infants' modulation of early spontaneous and elicited movements, older infants' modulation of motor behavior under various sensory, cognitive, environmental, and social demands. The design is a longitudinal prospective study with 2 cohorts: 330 newly-recruited infants from the NICU tested from birth to 34 months and 275 previously-recruited children tested from 34 - 60 months. The longitudinal character of the study and its integration of motor regulation results from neonates through pre-schoolers with information on early injury, early attention-modulation capacity, and executive-function and linguistic development promise not only to advance theoretical knowledge of motor development and regulation but to suggest potential strategies for therapeutic intervention. This Subproject will use information on autoregulation from Core procedures as well as on gestures and social communication from Subproject II as they contribute to motor regulation.