N-CIRCLE: Virtual Joint Centre for Closed-Loop Cycling of Nitrogen in Chinese Agriculture

N-CIRCLE：中国农业氮闭环循环虚拟联合中心

• 批准号: BB/N013484/1
• 负责人: Peter Smith
• 金额: $ 307.51万
• 依托单位: University of Aberdeen
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FN013484%2F1
• 关键词: CIRCLE; Virtual; Joint; Centre; Closed

China's agriculture is increasing its productivity and developing rapidly, but low efficiency of N use through overfertilization with N, increasingly threatens its sustainability (Duan et al., 2014). This situation is exacerbated by a vast number of small decentralized farms, inadequate knowledge or equipment, and a weak agronomic extension service (Fan et al., 2012). Agriculture in the UK, by contrast has had static production for twenty years but has built a strong knowledge-base and infrastructure for pollution control. A China-UK VJC on agricultural N use will deliver realistic short-to-medium term solutions for both countries: intensified crop productivity supported by near-closed-loop N cycling (Shock & Shock, 2012). This will advance the economic development and welfare of China's rural regions into the foreseeable future.The key challenge is to integrate and develop synergies between disparate technologies. The 'N-Circle' VJC will create a dynamic and lasting multi-disciplinary hub, with a clear vision, to attract, integrate and harness the relevant skills and expertise from the UK and China, to create infrastructure to deliver tight agricultural N cycling in China. In particular, environmental, biological and genetic scientists will combine with specialists in agronomic extension to form teams that share and develop a multi-scale approach, implemented through the Cool Farm Tool (CFT) for both commercial and scientific purposes. The CFT is already bi-lingual (English and Mandarin), so will be used to identify crucial points for intervention, to elicit targeted innovations, to explain and promote their adoption, and to assess their impacts. N-Circle will work across physical scales, across scales of ambition, and across scales of experience, so that its agenda for change is dynamic, ongoing and lasting. Each of its research and extension activities will involve bilateral exchanges and training to build technical expertise, to maximise synergies, build research capacity and enthuse the science leaders of the future. An intensive outreach programme will engage with regional agricultural communities throughout, to achieve rapid change through recognition and adoption of the N-Circle concepts and philosophy within agriculture and among consumers. Exciting technological synergies are feasible if the potential power of multiple innovations in molecular, chemical, micro-biological, agronomic and engineering technologies can be integrated and up-scaled into economically viable systems at field, farm and regional scales. N-Circle will (i) stimulate targeted innovations at leading UK and Chinese research laboratories, (ii) integrate them on 'case study' farms and in typical catchments, supported by the CFT and other models that validate economic and environmental impacts, and local teams to facilitate two-way knowledge exchange (KE) between industry and science, and (iii) will establish a quality mark to recognise and accredit tight N cycling practices in China. The ultimate outcomes of the 'N-Circle' VJC will be (i) a widespread belief that future intensification of Chinese agriculture can be based on sustainable N cycling, with N inputs and N emissions both minimised, and (ii) an agenda to realise that belief.Several immediate technological opportunities make this an apt time for progress in tighter N cycling in China, including (i) availability of understanding, inhibitors and machinery to manipulate soil microbiology, (ii) renewed interest in legume-based rotations, and commercial availability of endophytic diazotrophs as non-legume inoculants, (iii) enhanced computing power to summarise intensive datasets on crop dynamics, as well as genetics and environmental emissions, (iv) global positioning infrastructure supported by a data processing revolution that enables spatial experimentation, (v) genetic transformation technology that enables harvested crop proteins to be tailored closely to end-user requirements.

中国的农业正在提高其生产力并迅速发展，但由于过度施氮而导致的氮利用效率低下，日益威胁其可持续性（Duan等人，2014年）。这种情况因大量分散的小农场、知识或设备不足以及农艺推广服务薄弱而加剧（Fan等人，2012年）。相比之下，英国的农业20年来一直保持静态生产，但已经建立了强大的知识基础和污染控制基础设施。中英农业氮素利用VJC将为两国提供现实的中短期解决方案：通过近闭环氮循环支持提高作物生产力（Shock & Shock，2012）。这将在可预见的未来推动中国农村地区的经济发展和福利。关键的挑战是整合和发展不同技术之间的协同效应。“N-Circle”VJC将创建一个充满活力和持久的多学科中心，具有清晰的愿景，以吸引，整合和利用来自英国和中国的相关技能和专业知识，建立基础设施，在中国提供紧凑的农业N循环。特别是，环境、生物和遗传科学家将与农学推广专家联合收割机组成小组，分享和发展多尺度方法，通过“酷农具”为商业和科学目的实施。CFT已经是双语的（英语和普通话），因此将用于确定干预的关键点，引出有针对性的创新，解释和促进其采用，并评估其影响。N-Circle将跨越物质层面、雄心层面和经验层面开展工作，使其变革议程具有动态性、持续性和持久性。它的每一项研究和推广活动都将涉及双边交流和培训，以建立技术专长，最大限度地发挥协同作用，建立研究能力，并激励未来的科学领导者。一个密集的外联方案将与整个区域的农业社区接触，通过在农业和消费者中承认和采用N圈概念和哲学来实现快速变化。如果能够将分子、化学、微生物学、农艺学和工程技术的多种创新的潜在力量结合起来，并扩大到田间、农场和区域范围的经济上可行的系统中，就可以实现令人兴奋的技术协同作用。N-Circle将（i）激励英国和中国领先的研究实验室进行有针对性的创新，（ii）在CFT和其他验证经济和环境影响的模型以及当地团队的支持下，将其整合到“案例研究”农场和典型集水区，以促进工业和科学之间的双向知识交流（KE），及（iii）将建立一个质量标志，以认可及认可中国的紧N循环实践。“N圈”VJC的最终成果将是（i）一个广泛的信念，即未来中国农业的集约化可以基于可持续的氮循环，氮投入和氮排放都最小化，以及（ii）一个实现这一信念的议程。几个直接的技术机会使这成为在中国更紧密的氮循环方面取得进展的适当时机，包括（i）了解的可用性，抑制剂和机械来操纵土壤微生物学，（ii）对豆类轮作的新兴趣，以及作为非豆类接种剂的内生固氮生物的商业可用性，（iii）增强计算能力，以总结关于作物动态的密集数据集，以及遗传学和环境排放，㈣全球定位基础设施，由数据处理革命提供支持，使空间实验成为可能，㈤基因改造技术，使收获的作物蛋白质能够密切配合最终用户的要求。

项目成果

Critical review of the impacts of grazing intensity on soil organic carbon storage and other soil quality indicators in extensively managed grasslands.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2017.10.023
• 发表时间: 2018-02-01
• 期刊: Agriculture, ecosystems & environment
• 作者: Abdalla M;Hastings A;Chadwick DR;Jones DL;Evans CD;Jones MB;Rees RM;Smith P
• 通讯作者: Smith P

Impacts of crop type, management and soil quality indicators on background nitrous oxide emissions (BNE) from Chinese croplands: a quantitative review and analysis

• DOI: 10.1039/d2ea00033d
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Environmental Science: Atmospheres
• 作者: M. Abdalla;Ziyin Shang;Mikk Espenberg;Xiaoqing Cui;U. Mander;Peter Smith

Evaluation of the DNDC Model to Estimate Soil Parameters, Crop Yield and Nitrous Oxide Emissions for Alternative Long-Term Multi-Cropping Systems in the North China Plain

• DOI: 10.3390/agronomy12010109
• 发表时间: 2022-01
• 期刊: Agronomy
• 作者: M. Abdalla;Xiao-Zong Song;X. Ju;Peter Smith

The environmental costs and benefits of high-yield farming

• DOI: 10.1038/s41893-018-0138-5
• 发表时间: 2018-09-01
• 期刊: NATURE SUSTAINABILITY
• 影响因子: 27.6
• 作者: Balmford, Andrew;Amano, Tatsuya;Eisner, Rowan
• 通讯作者: Eisner, Rowan