DEVELOPMENT OF HEAD NERVES, BLOOD VESSELS, BONES, MUSCLE

头部神经、血管、骨骼、肌肉的发育

• 批准号: 3220140
• 负责人: DREW M NODEN
• 金额: $ 13.38万
• 依托单位: CORNELL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1983
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1983-08-01 至 1989-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3220140
• 关键词: cartilage development; chick embryo; congenital oral /facial /cranial defect; connective tissue development; cranial nerves; growth /development; head; muscle; neurogenesis; quail; skull

Understanding craniofacial development requires that many embryonic processes be defined. Among these are the embryonic origins of all facial tissues, including muscles, cartilages and bones. In addition, developmental patterning of craniofacial tissues must be analyzed. Patterning includes the mechanisms by which each structure forms in the correct location and with the appropriate initial shape. Recently I discovered that cephalic voluntary muscles in avian embryos are derived from paraxial mesoderm, not from branchial mesoderm as is stated in all embryology texts. These data negate the concept of branchiomeric muscles, which is a key aspect of many models of head development. Muscles in different parts of the head differ only with respect to the origin of their connective tissue components. Neural crest cells migrate into branchial arch primordia and are subsequently transformed from cytologically homogeneous populations into a series of skeletal elements, each having a shape unique to its position within the arch and also appropriate for the particular arch. Following substitution of presumptive first arch (lower jaw) neural crest cells for presumptive second arch (hyoid) primordia, chick embryos developed with two complete sets of lower jaw tissues, the normal jaw and an ectopic jaw in the location of the second arch. These data indicate that the basis for patterning of some craniofacial skeletal structures is inherent in the nural crest population before the onset of migration. In these embryos many of the voluntary muscles were also rearranged, suggesting that muscles are dependent upon patterning information residing within the connective tissue primordia. The objectives of this research are to complete the mapping of normal muscle origins in the avian embryo, and to experimentally analyze the mechanisms by which craniofacial connective tissues, muscles, and also motor nerves and blood vessels are normally patterned. These processes are of fundamental importance in understanding the basis for both normal development and craniofacial dysmorphologies.

了解颅面发展需要许多胚胎 定义过程。 其中包括所有面部的胚胎起源 组织，包括肌肉，软骨和骨骼。 此外， 必须分析颅面组织的发育模式。 图案包括每个结构在 正确的位置并具有适当的初始形状。 最近我 发现源自鸟类胚胎中的头顶自愿肌肉 从近期中胚层中，不是从分支中胚层 胚胎学文本。 这些数据否定了分支肌肉的概念， 这是许多头部发展模型的关键方面。 肌肉进来 头部的不同部位仅相对于其起源有所不同 结缔组织成分。 神经rest细胞迁移到分支 Arch Primordia，随后从细胞学上转化 均质种群分为一系列骨骼元素，每个元素都有一个 形状与拱门在拱门中的位置独特，也适合 特定的拱门。 在替换推定的第一拱之后（较低 颌）神经rest细胞，用于推定第二弓（舌骨）原始的神经细胞， 雏鸡胚胎具有两组完整的下颌组织， 正常下巴和第二个拱门位置的异位下巴。 这些 数据表明某些颅面骨骼的基础 结构是Nural Crest种群固有的 迁移。 在这些胚胎中，许多自愿肌肉也是 重新排列，表明肌肉取决于图案 属于结缔组织原始的信息。 这 这项研究的目标是完成正常肌肉的映射 起源于鸟类胚胎，并实验分析机制 颅面结缔组织，肌肉以及运动神经 和血管通常是图案的。 这些过程是 在理解正常的基础上的基本重要性 发展和颅面畸形。