VOICES: Valuing Orchard and Integrated Crop Ecosystem Services

声音：重视果园和综合作物生态系统服务

• 批准号: BB/P023274/1
• 负责人: William Kunin
• 金额: $ 76.81万
• 依托单位: University of Leeds
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FP023274%2F1
• 关键词: VOICES; Valuing; Orchard; Integrated; Crop

Agriculture and horticulture depend in part on wild insects to pollinate crops and control pests. These wild insect populations in turn can be affected by the ways farms and orchards are managed, and by the presence of natural habitats nearby. Those natural habitats themselves may be affected by agricultural chemicals and other by products of nearby farm practices. The "ecosystem services" provided by these insects can affect crop value, rural livelihoods and ultimately export income, and the distribution of these values may be affected by farm ownership and other social structures. This project will explore these issues as they affect orchard crops in the Cape region of South Africa. These crops are both a major source of local farm employment and of export earning, but the quantity and (especially) quality of crops produced depends critically on insect pollinators and natural enemies of fruit pests. We will experiment with the use of floral resource plantings on orchards to encourage pollinators and biocontrol agents, further developing the approach to develop bespoke mixes providing temporal and nutritional complementarity to orchard crops. We will explore how the way orchards are managed and the proximity to natural fynbos habitats interact to affect the pollination success of the crops and attack rates by pests. The natural habitats of the Cape region are a world biodiversity hotspot, but the effect of this diversity on pollination and biological control services is unknown, as is the effect of the orchards on their surrounding habitats. We will measure how differences in farm practices and differences in the availability of wild beneficial insects affect fruit production and suitability for export, domestic or processed food (e.g. juice) markets, and thus how it affects crop value and farm economics. We will also look at how the income generated by fruit production is distributed through the local and national economy, and thus the effects of livelihoods and wellbeing. Distinctions in practices and outcomes between large long-established orchards, and those recently established through the BEE (Black Economic Empowerment) programme will be explored, as well as the distinction between resident and seasonal labour forces.

农业和园艺在一定程度上依赖于野生昆虫为作物授粉和控制害虫。这些野生昆虫种群反过来又会受到农场和果园管理方式以及附近自然栖息地的影响。这些自然栖息地本身可能受到农业化学品和附近农场做法的其他副产品的影响。这些昆虫提供的“生态系统服务”可影响作物价值、农村生计并最终影响出口收入，而这些价值的分配可能受到农场所有权和其他社会结构的影响。该项目将探讨这些问题，因为它们影响南非开普地区的果园作物。这些作物是当地农业就业和出口收入的主要来源，但作物的产量和（特别是）质量主要取决于传粉昆虫和水果害虫的天敌。我们将试验在果园中种植花卉资源，以鼓励传粉者和生物控制剂，进一步开发定制混合物的方法，为果园作物提供时间和营养互补性。我们将探讨如何果园管理和接近自然fynbos栖息地相互作用，影响作物的授粉成功率和害虫的攻击率。开普地区的自然栖息地是世界生物多样性热点，但这种多样性对授粉和生物控制服务的影响尚不清楚，果园对其周围栖息地的影响也是如此。我们将衡量农业实践的差异和野生益虫的可用性差异如何影响水果生产和出口，国内或加工食品（如果汁）市场的适用性，从而如何影响作物价值和农业经济。我们还将研究水果生产所产生的收入如何通过地方和国家经济进行分配，从而对生计和福祉产生影响。将探讨长期建立的大型果园和最近通过BEE（黑人经济赋权）方案建立的果园在做法和成果方面的区别，以及居民和季节性劳动力之间的区别。

项目成果

Proximity to natural habitat and flower plantings increases insect populations and pollination services in South African apple orchards

靠近自然栖息地和花卉种植增加了南非苹果园的昆虫数量和授粉服务

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13984
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Applied Ecology
• 影响因子: 5.7
• 作者: Ratto F

Climate-Smart Agriculture and Trade-Offs With Biodiversity and Crop Yield

• DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.868870
• 发表时间: 2022-06
• 作者: Hemant G. Tripathi;W. Kunin;H. Smith;S. Sallu;S. Maurice;Suzan D. Machera;Rhiannon Davies;Mosha Florence;S. Eze;J. H. G. Yamdeu;S. Sait