Oxytocin - a sweet hormone?

催产素 - 一种甜蜜的激素？

• 批准号: BB/S000224/1
• 负责人: Mike Ludwig
• 金额: $ 67.52万
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FS000224%2F1
• 关键词: Oxytocin; sweet; hormone

Obesity is an increasing problem in the UK. Obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, but there is no simple solution - the physiological, psychological, genetic and environmental factors that influence what we eat are complex, and different for different individuals, and we need to understand these better. One facet that is poorly understood is what controls the food choices we make - how much fat we eat, for example, and how much sugar. This isn't a simple matter of "taste" - our brains unconsciously monitor and regulate our consumption of particular components and direct future preferences.One important brain mechanisms uses the neuropeptide oxytocin; its release is activated by sugar in the gut, but inhibited by fat. Oxytocin is released from a brain region called the hypothalamus, and it controls diverse aspects of appetite control and food choice.One feature of the hypothalamus is how similar it is across different mammals, and for this reason, studies in mice and rats are powerfully predictive of hypothalamic functions in humans. This project will use laboratory rats to study how the oxytocin system regulates food choice. To do so we will use modern techniques that allow us to control the activity of oxytocin cells, and also that of the cells which are sensitive to oxytocin. This might help to develop new approaches to help people who have developed unhealthy eating habits that predispose them to diabetes, by "boosting" the systems in the brain that normally regulate the intake of specific nutrients, redirecting their food preferences away from sweet, energy-dense food.

肥胖在英国是一个日益严重的问题。肥胖是由能量摄入和能量消耗之间的不平衡造成的，但没有简单的解决办法——影响我们饮食的生理、心理、遗传和环境因素是复杂的，对不同的人来说是不同的，我们需要更好地了解这些。人们知之甚少的一个方面是，是什么控制着我们对食物的选择——例如，我们吃了多少脂肪，吃了多少糖。这不是一个简单的“口味”问题——我们的大脑无意识地监控和调节我们对特定成分的消费，并指导未来的偏好。一种重要的大脑机制使用神经肽催产素；它的释放被肠道中的糖激活，但被脂肪抑制。催产素从大脑中一个叫做下丘脑的区域释放，它控制着食欲控制和食物选择的各个方面。下丘脑的一个特征是它在不同哺乳动物之间的相似性，因此，对小鼠和大鼠的研究可以有力地预测人类下丘脑的功能。这个项目将使用实验室老鼠来研究催产素系统如何调节食物选择。为此，我们将使用现代技术，使我们能够控制催产素细胞的活动，以及对催产素敏感的细胞的活动。这可能有助于开发新的方法，通过“促进”大脑中通常调节特定营养素摄入的系统，改变他们对甜食、高能量食物的偏好，来帮助那些养成了不健康饮食习惯、易患糖尿病的人。

项目成果

Oxytocin-a social peptide? Deconstructing the evidence.

• DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0055
• 发表时间: 2022-08-29
• 期刊: PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: Leng, Gareth;Leng, Rhodri, I;Ludwig, Mike
• 通讯作者: Ludwig, Mike

The endocrinology of the brain.

• DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0367
• 发表时间: 2018-12-01
• 期刊: Endocrine connections
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Leng G

Somato-dendritic vasopressin and oxytocin secretion in endocrine and autonomic regulation.

• DOI: 10.1111/jne.12856
• 发表时间: 2020-06
• 期刊: Journal of neuroendocrinology
• 影响因子: 3.2

Oxytocin neurons: integrators of hypothalamic and brainstem circuits in the regulation of macronutrient-specific satiety

催产素神经元：下丘脑和脑干回路在调节大量营养素特异性饱腹感中的整合器

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.10.015
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Current Opinion in Physiology
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Hume C

Peripheral insulin administration enhances the electrical activity of oxytocin and vasopressin neurones in vivo.

外周胰岛素给药增强体内催产素和加压素神经元的电活动。

• DOI: 10.1111/jne.12841
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of neuroendocrinology
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Paiva L