Vasopressin and the anterior olfactory nucleus

加压素和前嗅核

• 批准号: BB/J004723/1
• 负责人: Mike Ludwig
• 金额: $ 66.15万
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FJ004723%2F1
• 关键词: Vasopressin; anterior; olfactory; nucleus

Most mammals recognise other individuals by smell. Sometimes, some of these individuals are accorded a special status, such as when a bond is formed between a mother and offspring or between sexual partners in monogamous species, and in these cases an olfactory memory is forged in the olfactory bulb. Neuropeptides - a class of messenger molecules that mediate prolonged interactions between neurones, play a very important part in the formation of such memories. For example, oxytocin released in the mother's brain during parturition helps to establish the olfactory signatures of the offspring as memorable. The converse of social attachment is rejection of, or aggression towards, individuals who are recognized as intruders or competitors. For this, another neuropeptide, vasopressin, is important. Vasopressin is involved in the processing and/or integration of olfactory stimuli, and in particular it seems to couple socially relevant olfactory cues to an appropriate behavioural response. The anterior olfactory nucleus is the key part of the brain involved in processing odour information and sending that information to brain areas involved with behaviour and memory. Our work is focused on newly discovered nerve cells within this nucleus that make and release vasopressin. The aim of this proposal is to understand vasopressin's role in social recognition and how it can trigger a change in aggressive behaviour; we will study how vasopressin affects the olfactory system and how it is involved in forming olfactory memories there. In this proposal we will be studying how the activity of the vasopressin neurons in the olfactory system is affected by socially relevant olfactory stimuli, how vasopressin influences the processing of information in the olfactory system, and how blocking the actions of vasopressin in this system affects social behaviour. These studies will all be performed in rats, and will use a range of tests devised to study social behaviours.In the elderly, progressively increasing social dysfunction is a major aspect impairing quality of life. At present it is hard to judge the contribution of neural and cognitive degradation to this, as we have only a fragmentary understanding of the neurobiology of social behaviour. By studies of the neurobiology of social behaviour in the simpler system of rats, we expect to contribute to the foundations of an understanding that will inform a more sophisticated understanding of the neurobiology of social behaviour in humans. Other nerve cells release many different neuropeptides, and these have very diverse and powerful effects on other emotions and behaviours, including stress-related behaviours and appetite. Understanding how neuropeptides act is important because drugs that mimic them may be valuable therapeutically for particular behavioural disorders.

大多数哺乳动物通过嗅觉来识别其他个体。有时，这些个体中的一些人被赋予特殊的地位，例如当母亲和后代之间或在一夫一妻制物种的性伴侣之间形成联系时，在这些情况下，嗅觉记忆是在嗅球中形成的。神经肽-一类信使分子，调节神经元之间的长时间相互作用，在这种记忆的形成中发挥着非常重要的作用。例如，在分娩期间，母亲大脑中释放的催产素有助于让后代的嗅觉特征变得令人难忘。社会依恋的反面是对被认为是入侵者或竞争者的个人的拒绝或攻击。对于这一点，另一种神经肽--加压素非常重要。加压素参与处理和/或整合嗅觉刺激，特别是它似乎将社会相关的嗅觉线索与适当的行为反应结合在一起。嗅觉前核是大脑的关键部分，负责处理气味信息，并将这些信息发送到与行为和记忆有关的大脑区域。我们的工作集中在这个核内新发现的制造和释放加压素的神经细胞上。这项建议的目的是了解加压素在社会认知中的作用以及它如何引发攻击行为的改变；我们将研究加压素如何影响嗅觉系统，以及它如何参与在那里形成嗅觉记忆。在这项提案中，我们将研究嗅觉系统中加压素神经元的活动如何受到与社会相关的嗅觉刺激的影响，加压素如何影响嗅觉系统中的信息处理，以及阻止加压素在该系统中的作用如何影响社会行为。这些研究都将在老鼠身上进行，并将使用一系列旨在研究社交行为的测试。在老年人中，逐渐增加的社交功能障碍是损害生活质量的一个主要方面。目前，很难判断神经和认知退化对此的贡献，因为我们对社会行为的神经生物学只有零星的了解。通过在更简单的老鼠系统中研究社会行为的神经生物学，我们希望为了解人类社会行为的神经生物学提供更复杂的理解的基础。其他神经细胞释放许多不同的神经肽，这些神经肽对其他情绪和行为具有非常不同和强大的影响，包括与压力相关的行为和食欲。了解神经肽是如何起作用的很重要，因为模仿神经肽的药物可能对特定的行为障碍具有治疗价值。

项目成果

Intranasal application of vasopressin fails to elicit changes in brain immediate early gene expression, neural activity and behavioural performance of rats.

• DOI: 10.1111/jne.12046
• 发表时间: 2013-07
• 期刊: Journal of neuroendocrinology
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Ludwig M;Tobin VA;Callahan MF;Papadaki E;Becker A;Engelmann M;Leng G
• 通讯作者: Leng G

Physiological regulation of magnocellular neurosecretory cell activity: integration of intrinsic, local and afferent mechanisms.

• DOI: 10.1111/jne.12051
• 发表时间: 2013-08
• 期刊: Journal of neuroendocrinology
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Brown CH;Bains JS;Ludwig M;Stern JE
• 通讯作者: Stern JE

Effect of Melanotan-II on Brain Fos Immunoreactivity and Oxytocin Neuronal Activity and Secretion in Rats.

Melanotan-II 对大鼠脑 Fos 免疫反应性和催产素神经元活性和分泌的影响。

• DOI: 10.1111/jne.12454
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Journal of neuroendocrinology
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Paiva L

Dendritic Release of Neurotransmitters.

神经递质的树突释放。

• DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160007
• 发表时间: 2016-12-06
• 期刊: Comprehensive Physiology
• 影响因子: 5.8
• 作者: Ludwig M;Apps D;Menzies J;Patel JC;Rice ME
• 通讯作者: Rice ME

Discharge patterning in rat olfactory bulb mitral cells in vivo.

• DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12021
• 发表时间: 2014-10-01
• 期刊: Physiological reports
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Leng G;Hashimoto H;Tsuji C;Sabatier N;Ludwig M
• 通讯作者: Ludwig M