DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF BINOCULAR VISION

保守的估计表明弱视和相关的缺陷 大约5%的美国人受到双眼功能的影响。 最近对猫和猴子早期视觉发育的研究表明 这些缺陷是由异常的视觉体验引起的，例如单眼 在视力的关键时期，眼睛被剥夺或错位 发展。直到最近，还缺乏适当的视觉评估程序 用于婴幼儿和说话前儿童排除了前瞻性研究 人类关键时期的视觉发育。然而，新的 具有良好的外观、可操作性和电生理特性 技术使研究敏锐度和视力的正常发展成为可能 双目视觉与眼间视力差异的相互作用 和双眼发育。未来的发展研究将是 以评估眼内视力与视力之间的关系 视力差异、半视野视力差异和双眼功能 阐明视觉发育的正常过程。这些技术将 也适用于患有先天性双眼的婴幼儿 不平衡，包括斜视、屈光参差和单眼白内障。 前瞻性评估早期异常视觉体验对儿童心理健康的影响 人类视觉系统的发育与治疗方案的效果 在发育过程中的不同年龄强加的。视觉上的比较 诱发电位和斜视检查程序在评估脑瘫中的应用 双眼功能将提供敏感和适当的标准 可以选择在婴儿期监测双眼状态的程序。 长期随访，直到第五年，将评估相对 各种治疗模式的好处，并允许与结果进行比较 来自标准的临床测试。这些数据应该有助于澄清必要的 和正常双目视觉发育的充分条件。 天哪。

Conservative estimates suggest that amblyopia and associated deficits in binocular function effect approximately 5% of the American population. Recent studies of early visual development in cat and monkey suggest that these deficits result from abnormal visual experience, such as monocular deprivation or misalignment of the eyes, during critical periods for visual development. Until recently, lack of adequate visual assessment procedures for use with infants and pre-verbal children precluded prospective studies of visual development during critical periods in man. However, newly developed preferential-looking, operant, and electrophysiological techniques make possible research into the normal development of acuity and binocular vision and interactions between interocular acuity differences and binocular development. Prospective developmental studies will be conducted to evaluate the relationship among interocular acuity differences, hemi-field acuity differences, and binocular function in order to clarify the normal course fo visual development. These techniques will also be applied to infants and children with congenital binocular imbalance, including strabismus, anisometropia, and unilateral cataract, to evaluate prospectively the effects of early anomalous visual experience on the developing human visual system and the outcome of treatment regimens imposed at different ages during development. Comparison of visually evoked potential and preferential-looking procedures for the assessment of binocular function will provide criteria by which sensitive and appropriate procedures for monitoring binocular status during infancy may be chosen. Long-term follow-up, through the fifth year, will assess the relative benefits of various treatment modes and allow comparisons with the results from standard clinical tests. These data should help clarify the necessary and sufficient conditions for the development of normal binocular vision in man.