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Evolution, development, and mechanisms of floral organ photosynthesis.

花器官光合作用的进化、发育和机制。

基本信息

批准号：
BB/T009462/1
负责人：
Diarmuid Seosamh O'Maoileidigh
金额：
$ 125.63万
依托单位：
University of Liverpool
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FT009462%2F1
关键词：
Evolution development mechanisms floral organ

项目摘要

Food security and climate change are two of the most important challenges facing modern society. Increased crop productivity is required to provide enough food for an ever-growing population, however, this should not come at a cost of increased carbon emissions. Novel plants variants that can use less land, capture more carbon, and produce higher yields are needed.Many research groups around the globe are working on improving photosynthesis to meet these challenges, which includes modifying enzymes and changing the anatomy of the leaf to capture more carbon. However, relatively few groups have focused on improving photosynthesis that occurs outside of the leaf, in stems, flowers and fruits. Many species heavily rely on non-leaf photosynthesis, however, there are many aspects of this process that we do not understand.This project aims to understand more about non-leaf photosynthesis: How has nature used it to improve plant health? How is it programmed on a genetic level? How can we manipulate it to benefit nature and society? We will focus our efforts initially on the mustard plant family because they contain 'model' plants as well as important crops, such as oilseed rape. Model plants are plants that are well-characterized (e.g. have a sequenced genome) and whose genome we can modify with ease. This is important because understanding how a complex process such as non-leaf photosynthesis functions requires the availability of tractable systems to test specific hypotheses. This power of this approach has been demonstrated recently with the development of plants with shatter-resistant fruits in oilseed rape, which reduces harvesting losses significantly. These plants were generated by directly using knowledge acquired from model plants. Here, we will employ a similar strategy. First, we will develop our understanding of non-leaf photosynthesis on genetic and physiological levels. Next, we will use this knowledge to make specific hypotheses on how to modify non-leaf photosynthesis to improve agriculturally important traits. We will test these hypotheses in both model and crop plants and develop improved varieties in a step-wise manner.Although we will initially investigate species in the mustard plant family, this work will also be relevant to species in other plant families including wheat, barley, and tomato, whose flowers and fruits also perform photosynthesis. Therefore, this project marks the beginning of a long-term goal to understand the evolution of non-leaf photosynthesis and to develop strategies to modify it in important crop plants.

粮食安全和气候变化是现代社会面临的两个最重要的挑战。要为不断增长的人口提供足够的食物，就需要提高作物生产率，然而，这不应该以增加碳排放为代价。需要使用更少土地、捕获更多碳并产生更高产量的新型植物变种。世界各地的许多研究小组都在致力于改善光合作用以应对这些挑战，包括修改酶和改变叶子的解剖结构以捕获更多的碳。然而，相对较少的研究小组专注于改善发生在叶外的光合作用，如茎、花和果实。许多物种严重依赖于非叶片光合作用，然而，这个过程的许多方面我们还不了解。这个项目旨在更多地了解非叶片光合作用：大自然是如何利用它来改善植物健康的？它是如何在基因层面上被编程的？我们怎样才能操纵它使自然和社会受益？我们最初将把精力集中在芥菜科植物上，因为它们既包含“模式”植物，也包含重要的作物，如油菜。模式植物是具有良好特征的植物（例如，具有已测序的基因组），我们可以轻松修改其基因组。这是很重要的，因为理解一个复杂的过程，如非叶片光合作用是如何运作的，需要可处理的系统来测试特定的假设。这种方法的力量最近在油菜抗碎果实植物的开发中得到了证明，这大大减少了收获损失。这些植物是直接利用从模式植物中获得的知识生成的。在这里，我们将采用类似的策略。首先，我们将在遗传和生理水平上发展我们对非叶片光合作用的理解。接下来，我们将利用这些知识对如何修改非叶片光合作用以改善农业重要性状做出具体假设。我们将在模型和作物植物中测试这些假设，并逐步开发改良品种。虽然我们将首先研究芥菜植物科的物种，但这项工作也将与其他植物科的物种相关，包括小麦、大麦和番茄，它们的花和果实也进行光合作用。因此，该项目标志着一个长期目标的开始，即了解非叶片光合作用的进化，并制定策略来修改重要作物植物的光合作用。