Reducing nitrogen impacts in northern Indian cropping systems: realising production and environmental benefits

减少印度北部种植系统的氮影响：实现生产和环境效益

• 批准号: BB/T012412/1
• 负责人: Eric Ober
• 金额: $ 32.21万
• 依托单位: National Institute of Agricultural Botany
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FT012412%2F1
• 关键词: Reducing; nitrogen; impacts; northern; Indian

A growing world population requires a growing food supply. The rise in crop yields resulting mainly from the production and application of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer together with the selection of N responsive varieties sustained population growth throughout the 20th century. However, N fertiliser use is of global concern because it is associated both with high levels of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions that cause climate change, in addition to damage to fresh water and marine ecosystems. N fertilisation is required for achieving high yield in cereal crops including wheat and rice. Increasing sustainability through a decrease in N fertiliser inputs has to date proved difficult due to the resulting fall in productive yield, farmer income and staple food supply. In addition, the current status of policy (and associated subsidy) intervention in fertiliser pricing in India (and other parts of the developing world) supports high application rates to drive yields. This leads to numerous outcomes, many of which are unfavourable for long-term sustainability. In addition this N demand drives the continual growth of synthetic fertiliser production (shown right), an energy intensive process resulting in additional emission and energy costs.Our work on the N challenge to date has delivered major impacts to both UK and Indian cereal cropping through development of a new framework for optimising N use (UK) and through a direct intervention in farming practice to reduce N use in farmers' fields in Bassian village (a colour-based method of determining optimal N rate called the PAU-LCC, India). We have provided important step changes in our understanding of the potential to reduce N fertiliser use without compromising productivity or economic returns to farmers. This translational proposal builds on these outcomes to ensure that we realise their full value in terms of agricultural sustainability in India. We have established a solid foundational partnership with the social welfare NGO Atam Pargas and the farming community in Bassian village, which provides an important framework for focussing the delivery of impact and is a model for future system transformation in India. We will continue to base our work on this platform with the aim that all crop production in Bassian village makes use of the PAU-LCC for determining optimal N application. Additionally, this translational project will address two of the major gaps that we have identified based on our work to date. The first is a means to quantify and assess environmental benefits of reduced N fertiliser application at the local (village) scale allowing for the calculation of a full N budget to reflect the impact of simple interventions to reduce N use. The second is a framework for engaging in the Indian agricultural policy agenda around N reduction interventions. Agricultural policy in India is intricately linked to future agricultural sustainability and will largely determine how successful the practical interventions and monitoring in our project are so this framework will be crucial for realising the full impact of our work.

不断增长的世界人口需要不断增长的粮食供应。作物产量的提高主要是由于合成氮肥的生产和应用以及对氮素敏感品种的选择，从而在整个世纪维持了人口的增长。然而，氮肥的使用是全球关注的问题，因为它与导致气候变化的高水平能源使用和温室气体排放有关，此外还对淡水和海洋生态系统造成破坏。氮肥是谷类作物包括小麦和水稻获得高产所必需的。通过减少氮肥投入来提高可持续性迄今已被证明是困难的，因为由此导致的产量、农民收入和主食供应的下降。此外，印度（和其他发展中国家）对化肥定价的政策（和相关补贴）干预的现状支持高施用率以提高产量。这导致许多结果，其中许多不利于长期可持续性。此外，氮的需求推动了合成肥料生产的持续增长（右），一个能源密集型的过程，导致额外的排放和能源成本。迄今为止，我们在氮挑战方面的工作通过开发优化氮使用的新框架，对英国和印度的谷物种植产生了重大影响（英国）并通过直接干预耕作实践，以减少Bassian村农民田间的氮肥使用量（一种基于颜色的方法，用于确定最佳氮肥用量，称为PAU-LCC，印度）。我们已经提供了重要的步骤变化，在我们的理解潜力，减少氮肥的使用，而不影响生产力或经济回报的农民。这一转化提案建立在这些成果的基础上，以确保我们在印度农业可持续性方面充分实现其价值。我们与社会福利非政府组织Atam帕尔加斯和Bassian村的农业社区建立了坚实的基础伙伴关系，这为集中交付影响力提供了重要框架，也是印度未来系统转型的典范。我们将继续以这个平台为基础开展工作，目标是Bassian村的所有作物生产都利用PAU-LCC来确定最佳氮肥施用量。此外，这个翻译项目将解决我们根据迄今为止的工作确定的两个主要差距。第一个是一种手段，以量化和评估环境效益减少氮肥施用在当地（村）规模允许计算一个完整的N预算，以反映简单的干预措施，以减少N的使用的影响。第二个是一个框架，参与印度农业政策议程周围的氮减少干预。印度的农业政策与未来的农业可持续发展密切相关，并将在很大程度上决定我们项目中的实际干预和监测的成功程度，因此该框架对于实现我们工作的全面影响至关重要。

项目成果

Reactive nitrogen fluxes from soils to atmosphere in baby corn based cropping system

• DOI: 10.1080/01904167.2023.2291027
• 发表时间: 2023-12
• 期刊: Journal of Plant Nutrition
• 影响因子: 2.1
• 作者: Varinderpal-Singh;Navneet Kaur;Kunal;Blestar Singh;G. S. Dheri;J. Kumar;Aman Thapar;Eric S. Ober

Phytohormones Interplay: Karrikin Signalling Promotes Ethylene Synthesis to Modulate Roots.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.02.004
• 发表时间: 2021-02
• 期刊: Trends in plant science
• 影响因子: 20.5
• 作者: Stéphanie M. Swarbreck

Nitrate leaching from applied fertilizer is reduced by precision nitrogen management in baby corn cropping systems

• DOI: 10.1007/s10705-021-10156-3
• 发表时间: 2021-06
• 期刊: Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Varinderpal-Singh;N. Kaur;Kunal;Blestar-Singh;J. Kumar;Aman Thapar;E. Ober

Defining the physiological determinants of low nitrogen requirement in wheat.

• DOI: 10.1042/bst20200282
• 发表时间: 2021-04-30
• 期刊: Biochemical Society transactions
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Fradgley NS;Bentley AR;Swarbreck SM
• 通讯作者: Swarbreck SM

Variation for Nitrogen Use Efficiency Traits in Wheat Under Contrasting Nitrogen Treatments in South-Eastern Europe.

• DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.682333
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Frontiers in plant science
• 影响因子: 5.6
• 作者: Ivić M;Grljušić S;Plavšin I;Dvojković K;Lovrić A;Rajković B;Maričević M;Černe M;Popović B;Lončarić Z;Bentley AR;Swarbreck SM;Šarčević H;Novoselović D
• 通讯作者: Novoselović D