Novel pre-breeding germplasm for commercial development of sustainable traits in crops

用于作物可持续性状商业开发的新型预育种种质

• 批准号: BB/V01725X/1
• 负责人: Christopher Ridout
• 金额: $ 25.69万
• 依托单位: John Innes Centre
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FV01725X%2F1
• 关键词: Novel; pre; breeding; germplasm; commercial

Agriculture needs a much faster way of developing crops with new traits to meet changing commercial, socio-economic and environmental needs. For over 50 years, agriculture has relied on intensive application of chemicals and fertilizers, and yields have grown steadily under this regime. Increasingly, however, agrochemicals are being withdrawn for environmental reasons, and yields are plateauing. New races of pathogens are evolving that can have devastating effects on crops, and they can spread round the globe in a short period of time. Agricultural researchers in academia and industry are increasingly turning to Genetic Improvement Networks (GINs) undertaking 'pre-breeding' activities to find important new traits for sustainable agriculture in this changing world. Pre-breeding is a necessary first step in harnessing novel traits from wild relatives and other unimproved germplasm. However, a major challenge is to translate basic research arising from GINs into commercial reality to produce crop cultivars with improved traits in short timescales. Our project develops a new business strategy to accelerate deployment of traits into crops using disease resistance in Brassica napus as a model.Brassica napus (oilseed rape, OSR) is the most important temperate oilseed crop in the world with a production of close to 70 million metric tonnes and is the third most important crop in the UK after wheat and barley. Diseases are a major limitation for production of OSR, a problem exacerbated by climate change and restrictions on the use of agrochemicals for environmental reasons. Light leaf spot (LLS), caused by Pyrenopeziza brassicae, has become the most damaging disease in the UK since 2012. Economic losses to LLS in the UK reached over £200M in 2016 and have been consistently over £80M between 2012 and 2018. There are no known resistance (R) genes to LLS, and the pathogen has developed multiple fungicide insensitivities including tolerance to azoles, the most commonly-used fungicide class used in the UK and probably Europe. The project combines the expertise in LLS pathology at the University of Hertfordshire with OSR genomic technology at the John Innes Centre. The technical aim of our project is to develop improved resistance to LLS. We will evaluate OSR accessions with promising LLS resistance identified in an earlier study and benchmark them them with elite cultivars on the current Recommended List. We will evaluate whether screening could be performed as a service to the breeding industry or transferred through consultancy as a training module. We will also strengthen the IP position of a novel susceptibility gene identified in an earlier study. We will modify the gene using both a non-GM and GM approaches to test whether this increases resistance to LLS. Both approaches provide the opportunity to provide patent protection for the susceptibility gene. In addition to the technical aims, we will also develop a business plan defining a commercially viable strategy for introduction of important new traits for sustainable agriculture into crops. The business plan will include strategies for strengthening the Intellectual Property position of results from crop-related research and for researchers to work more effectively with industry through public/private partnerships. Whist the focus of our research is on OSR, the business plan will also be applicable to traits from other crop species

农业需要一种更快的方式来开发具有新特征的农作物，以满足不断变化的商业，社会经济和环境需求。 50多年来，农业一直依赖于化学物质和化肥的密集型应用，并且在这种制度下的产量稳步增长。然而，由于环境原因，越来越多的农产品被撤回，产量正常。新的病原体种族正在发展，可能会对农作物产生毁灭性的影响，并且它们可以在短时间内遍及全球。学术界和工业的农业研究人员越来越多地转向遗传改善网络（GINS），从事“预育”活动，以寻找在这个不断变化的世界中可持续农业的重要新特征。预生产是利用野生亲戚和其他未改进种质的新颖性状的必要第一步。但是，一个主要的挑战是将杜松子的基础研究转化为商业现实，以在短时间内生产具有改善特征的农作物培养体。我们的项目制定了一种新的业务策略，以将特征在甘蓝玉米粉中抗病的特征加速到农作物中，作为一种模型。Brassicanapus（油料种子强奸，OSR）是世界上最重要的油料种子作物，其生产近7000万吨，是近7000万吨的农作物，并且是次要麦酒中的第三种重要农作物。疾病是OSR生产的主要局限性，由于环境原因，气候变化和对农产品使用的限制加剧了问题。 Light leaf spot (LLS), caused by Pyrenopeziza brassicae, has become the most damaging disease in the UK since 2012. Economic losses to LLS in the UK reached over £200M in 2016 and have been consistently over £80M between 2012 and 2018. There are no known resistance (R) genes to LLS, and the pathogen has developed multiple fungicide insensitivities including tolerance to azoles, the most commonly-used杀菌剂类别在英国以及可能的欧洲使用。该项目将赫特福德郡大学LLS病理学专业知识与约翰·英恩斯中心的OSR基因组技术相结合。我们项目的技术目的是增强对LLS的抵抗力。我们将评估在早期研究中确定的承诺LLS抗性的OSR加入，并在当前推荐列表中用精英品种对其进行基准测试。我们将评估是否可以将筛查作为对繁殖行业的服务，还是通过便利作为培训模块进行转移。我们还将加强在早期研究中鉴定出的新型敏感性基因的IP位置。我们将使用非GM和GM方法来修改基因，以测试这是否会增加对LLS的抗性。两种方法都为易感基因提供专利保护提供了机会。除了技术目标外，我们还将制定一项业务计划，定义一种可行的可行策略，以引入重要的新特征，以将可持续的农业纳入农作物中。该业务计划将包括加强与作物相关的研究结果的知识产权地位的策略，以及通过公共/私人合作伙伴关系更有效地与行业合作。 WHIST我们的研究重点是OSR，商业计划也将适用于其他农作物的特征

项目成果

Communication is key: extracellular vesicles as mediators of infection and defence during host-microbe interactions in animals and plants.

• DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab044
• 发表时间: 2022-01-18
• 期刊: FEMS microbiology reviews
• 影响因子: 11.3
• 作者: U Stotz H;Brotherton D;Inal J
• 通讯作者: Inal J

Influence of Elevated Temperatures on Resistance Against Phoma Stem Canker in Oilseed Rape.

• DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.785804
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Frontiers in plant science
• 影响因子: 5.6
• 作者: Noel K;Qi A;Gajula LH;Padley C;Rietz S;Huang YJ;Fitt BDL;Stotz HU
• 通讯作者: Stotz HU

Novel gene loci associated with susceptibility or cryptic quantitative resistance to Pyrenopeziza brassicae in Brassica napus.

• DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04243-y
• 发表时间: 2023-03-23
• 期刊: THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Fell, Heather;Ali, Ajisa Muthayil;Wells, Rachel;Mitrousia, Georgia K.;Woolfenden, Hugh;Schoonbeek, Henk-Jan;Fitt, Bruce D. L.;Ridout, Christopher J.;Stotz, Henrik U.
• 通讯作者: Stotz, Henrik U.