20-BBSRC/NSF-BIO: The amphibian skin microbial-immune interface and its impact on infection outcome

20-BBSRC/NSF-BIO：两栖动物皮肤微生物免疫界面及其对感染结果的影响

• 批准号: BB/W013517/1
• 负责人: Amy Ellison
• 金额: $ 49.93万
• 依托单位: Bangor University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FW013517%2F1
• 关键词: 20; BBSRC; NSF; BIO; amphibian

The immune system is one of the primary ways animals fight pathogenic microorganisms. Animals also live with millions of non-pathogenic microorganisms (their microbiomes) which cause them no harm. Accumulating evidence indicates that immune systems establish intimate relationships with these microbiomes, which may make the difference between life and death for an animal exposed to a pathogen. Amphibians exemplify the importance of studying interactions among microbiomes, immune systems and pathogens. Amphibians across the globe are dying from infection by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Bd infects the skin of amphibians and causes death by disruption of essential skin function. Amphibian skin microbiome and immune system components have been shown to independently relate to Bd infection outcomes. Yet, the interactions among host microbiomes, host immune systems and the pathogen Bd remain poorly understood. This microbial-immune interface is likely critical to determining Bd infection outcomes. The proposed research is unique and innovative because the investigators will combine laboratory experiments using three amphibian species that differ in Bd susceptibility with state-of-the-art molecular and analytical approaches. Together, they aim to define the mechanisms controlling the microbial-immune interface and its effect on Bd susceptibility. They expect to demonstrate that amphibian skin microbiomes and host immune responses are interconnected, multi-facetted systems rather than discrete host and microbial entities. The central hypothesis guiding the proposed studies is that the interdependence of amphibian skin microbiomes and resident immune cell populations critically define Bd infection outcomes. The interdisciplinary research team will integrate microbial ecology, comparative immunology, meta-transcriptomics and proteomics at multiple experimental scales. They will combine these comprehensive system-level datasets with network analyses and structural equation modeling to examine the amphibian skin microbial-immune interface and its effect on amphibian susceptibility to the disease chytridiomycosis, caused by Bd infection. They will address their hypothesis by: 1) determining how skin microbiomes affect skin immune cell populations, 2) defining how skin-resident immune cells affect skin microbiomes, 3) resolving the contribution of the microbial-immune interface in Bd infection outcomes. They predict that key microbial-immune interactions strongly impact Bd susceptibility. Their findings will garner the much-needed understanding of the microbial-immune interface and how these interactions impact disease outcomes. Theirs will be the first study to simultaneously evaluate the relative contribution of the microbiome and immune system to chytridiomycosis in a causal framework. Vertebrate animals, including humans, are host to symbiotic microbes and complex immune system components. The resulting insight from these investigations will have broad applicability to a variety of other animal systems.

免疫系统是动物对抗病原微生物的主要方式之一。动物也生活在数百万的非致病微生物（它们的微生物组）中，这些微生物对它们没有伤害。越来越多的证据表明，免疫系统与这些微生物群建立了密切的关系，这可能会影响暴露于病原体的动物的生与死。两栖动物强调了研究微生物、免疫系统和病原体之间相互作用的重要性。地球仪上的两栖动物正因壶菌感染而死亡。Bd感染两栖动物的皮肤，并通过破坏皮肤的基本功能而导致死亡。两栖动物皮肤微生物组和免疫系统组分已被证明与Bd感染结果独立相关。然而，宿主微生物组，宿主免疫系统和病原体Bd之间的相互作用仍然知之甚少。这种微生物-免疫界面可能对确定Bd感染结果至关重要。拟议的研究是独特的和创新的，因为研究人员将联合收割机实验室实验结合使用三种两栖动物物种，不同的Bd易感性与国家的最先进的分子和分析方法。总之，他们的目标是确定控制微生物免疫界面的机制及其对Bd易感性的影响。他们希望证明两栖动物皮肤微生物组和宿主免疫反应是相互关联的多面系统，而不是离散的宿主和微生物实体。指导拟议研究的中心假设是，两栖动物皮肤微生物组和常驻免疫细胞群体的相互依赖性决定了Bd感染的结果。跨学科研究团队将在多个实验规模上整合微生物生态学，比较免疫学，元转录组学和蛋白质组学。他们将联合收割机将这些全面的系统级数据集与网络分析和结构方程模型相结合，以研究两栖动物皮肤微生物免疫界面及其对两栖动物对由Bd感染引起的疾病壶菌病的易感性的影响。他们将通过以下方式解决他们的假设：1）确定皮肤微生物组如何影响皮肤免疫细胞群，2）定义皮肤驻留免疫细胞如何影响皮肤微生物组，3）解决微生物-免疫界面在Bd感染结果中的贡献。他们预测关键的微生物-免疫相互作用强烈影响Bd易感性。他们的发现将获得对微生物-免疫界面以及这些相互作用如何影响疾病结果的迫切需要的理解。他们的研究将是第一个在因果框架中同时评估微生物组和免疫系统对壶菌病的相对贡献的研究。脊椎动物，包括人类，是共生微生物和复杂免疫系统成分的宿主。从这些调查中得到的见解将广泛适用于各种其他动物系统。