MECHANISMS OF CELL MEMBRANE SIGNALS

跨膜信号传递机制，尤其是非兴奋性 脊椎动物细胞对外界刺激的电磁反应，是 被研究。单分子通道电导的现场记录 细胞膜和重组成的脂质体是用来 发现并测量已知和预期频道的属性。 微吸管千兆欧密封件用于完整的囊泡记录 直接测量改装泵产生的电流。 具有数字图像分析的光电图像增强视频显微镜 将与荧光指示器一起使用来搜索产生电的 在非兴奋性细胞中的反应，以测量 膜电位和表面受体上的配体，并检测信号 与表面受体交联、电迁移相关的应用 在电化学场和内吞过程中。技术 旨在增强荧光显微照相技术能力的开发 以往无法获得的跨膜特性的研究 将继续发送信号。荧光膜电位、pH和钙 离子指示染料将用于绘制空间分布图 分化细胞的膜电位和离子活性。大型 携带重组蛋白通道的脂泡将被操纵 为了开发适合于全细胞贴片记录的形态， 以及我们目前可用的单声道记录。新的 战略，以利用我们同时敏感的光学和 将探索细胞生物学中的电记录能力。

Mechanisms of transmembrane signaling, particularly non-excitable electromagnetic responses of vertebrate cells to external stimuli, are to be studied. Recording of single molecular channel conductances in situ in cell membranes and also as reconstituted into liposomes is to be used to discover and to measure properties of known and anticipated channels. Micropipette gigaohm seals are to be used for whole vesicle recording for direct measurements of currents generated by reconstituted pumps. Electro-optical image enhanced video microscopy with digital image analysis are to be used with flourescent indicators to search for electrogenic responses in nonexcitable cells, to measure spatial distributions of membrane potentials and ligands on surface receptors, and to detect signals associated with surface receptor cross linking, electromigration in applied electrochemical fields and in endocytotic processes. Technical developments designed to enhance the power of fluorescence micrography for investigation of previously inaccessible properties of transmembrane signaling will be pursued. Fluorescent membrane potential pH and calcium ion indicating dyes will be applied to mapping of the spatial distribution of membrane potentials and ion activities in differentiated cells. Large lipid vesicles bearing reconstituted protein channels will be manipulated in order to develop morphologies suitable for whole cell patch recording, as well as our presently available single channel recording. New strategies to take advantage of our simultaneous sensitive optical and electrical recording capability in cell biology will be explored.