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GENE REGULATION IN EMBRYOGENESIS

胚胎发生中的基因调控

基本信息

批准号：
3310279
负责人：
MARTIN J NEMER
金额：
$ 29.43万
依托单位：
RESEARCH INST OF FOX CHASE CAN CTR
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1978
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1978-06-01 至 1994-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3310279
关键词：
DNA footprinting cell differentiation cell type cilium developmental genetics early embryonic stage gene expression genetic manipulation genetic mapping metallothionein nonmammalian vertebrate embryology nucleic acid hybridization nucleic acid sequence protein biosynthesis regulatory gene saltwater environment sea urchins tubulin

项目摘要

Studies are proposed on the regulation of several genes with posited early functions in the embryogenesis of the sea urchin, based on their production of peak amounts of RNA in early development, and late functions based on the late stage accumulation of their RNAs. Two of these genes produce different RNA forms in early and late stages: One gene switches between polymorphic forms, producing a single poly(A)+ mRNA in the early stages and two different sizes of poly(A)- mRNA in the late stages. The other switches between single early poly(A)+ and late poly(A)- mRNAs. Animalizing agents tend to increase and prolong the syntheses of early function mRNAs and delay the onset of late function mRNA synthesis. Vegetalizing agents tend to enhance late function mRNA synthesis. Two mRNA species fulfilling the criterion of early stage function are also induced to be synthesized by treatment of late stage embryos with the animalizing agent zinc sulfate. One of these induced mRNAs is the poly(A)+ form of the set of polymorphic mRNAs, described above. The induction reverses the normal developmental program of changes. To understand the mechanisms through which these developmental changes are effected and their relationship to the determinative events of embryogenesis, we shall analyze the structures of these various genes, especially to assign origins to the polymorphic mRNAs, and to study the transcription, processing and stability of the various RNAs, as well as their properties as templates for translation, to explain the functional significance of the different sizes and states of polyadenylation. The induction phenomenon will be utilized as a way of experimentally controlling gene activity. At present, two species of mRNA are known to be enriched in ectoderm tissue of the pluteus and one species in the mesoderm-endoderm tissue. We shall study the developmental enhancement of nuclear RNA compared to mRNA that appears to be involved in establishing the tissue specificity of these mRNAs. Shifts in the concentrations of all of these mRNAs in association with imbalances in the development of the three germ tissues, studied in animalized and vegetalized embryos, may be a basis for understanding the promotion of cellular differentiation by differential gene activity. These processes may pivotally decide the course of normal vs. abnormal cellular differentiation.

提出了对几个基因调控的研究，并提出了早期假设根据海胆的生产，其在胚胎发生中的功能早期发育中 RNA 的峰值量以及基于后期功能的它们的RNA的后期积累。其中两个基因产生早期和晚期的不同 RNA 形式：一个基因在多态性形式，在早期阶段产生单一的poly(A)+ mRNA 后期有两种不同大小的poly(A)-mRNA。另一个在单个早期 Poly(A)+ 和晚期 Poly(A)- mRNA 之间切换。动物化剂倾向于增加和延长早期的合成功能 mRNA 并延迟晚期功能 mRNA 合成的开始。植物化剂倾向于增强晚期功能 mRNA 的合成。两个mRNA 还诱导了满足早期功能标准的物种通过用动物化处理晚期胚胎来合成剂硫酸锌。这些诱导的 mRNA 之一是 Poly(A)+ 形式如上所述的一组多态性mRNA。感应反转正常发育程序的变化。了解机制这些发展变化是通过何种途径实现的，以及它们的与胚胎发生决定性事件的关系，我们将分析这些不同基因的结构，特别是确定起源多态性 mRNA，并研究转录、加工和稳定性各种 RNA 的特性，以及它们作为模板的特性翻译，解释不同尺寸的功能意义和聚腺苷酸化的状态。将利用感应现象作为实验控制基因活性的一种方法。目前，两已知 mRNA 的种类在黄体的外胚层组织中富集以及中胚层-内胚层组织中的一种。我们将研究与 mRNA 相比，核 RNA 的发育增强参与建立这些 mRNA 的组织特异性。轮班所有这些 mRNA 的浓度都与不平衡有关在动物化和动物化研究中研究了三种生殖组织的发育植物化胚胎，可能是理解促进的基础通过差异基因活性进行细胞分化。这些过程可能关键决定正常细胞与异常细胞的进程差异化。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（16）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Sea urchin metallothionein sequence: key to an evolutionary diversity.

DOI：
10.1073/pnas.82.15.4992
发表时间：
1985-08
期刊：
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
M. Nemer;D. Wilkinson;E. C. Travaglini;E. Sternberg;T. Butt
通讯作者：
M. Nemer;D. Wilkinson;E. C. Travaglini;E. Sternberg;T. Butt

Highly identical cassettes of gene regulatory elements, genomically repetitive and present in RNA.

高度相同的基因调控元件盒，基因组重复且存在于 RNA 中。

DOI：
10.1073/pnas.90.22.10851
发表时间：
1993
期刊：
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Nemer,M;Bai,G;Stuebing,EW
通讯作者：
Stuebing,EW

Developmental and tissue-specific regulation of beta-tubulin gene expression in the embryo of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.

海胆 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus 胚胎中 β-微管蛋白基因表达的发育和组织特异性调控。