HORMONAL INFLUENCES ON HUMAN SEXUALLY-DIMORPHIC BEHAVIOR

这个项目是关于性腺激素对人体影响的研究。 先天性‘肾上腺’患儿的性二型行为 增生症(CAH)，一种导致产前增加的遗传性疾病 雄激素水平。它是早期研究的延续，它是 显示荷尔蒙对游戏行为、攻击性和空间的影响 能力，并代表了对行为的第一次纵向研究 产前雄激素暴露增加的后果。该计划的目的是 建议的研究是通过以下方式进一步阐述行为机制 哪些性腺激素使行为男性化，发育 荷尔蒙影响早期玩具选择的后果，以及 哪些社会因素会改变性别类型行为的表达。这个 目的有三个：(L)继续跟踪激素暴露和 控制已经在性类型行为的各个方面进行测试的儿童 看看这些荷尔蒙暴露的女孩是否会继续增加兴趣 在男性活动中，如果是这样的话，确定荷尔蒙 对这些活动和空间能力的影响是 在幼儿时期增加对男孩玩具的游戏；(2)研究 运动技能受到产前雄激素的影响，如果是这样的话，要确定 如果粗略运动技能相对于精细运动技能的相对优势(单独和在 与高运动活动相结合)占参与的比例 男性活动；(3)评估儿童是否倾向于 同性玩伴受到产前雄激素的影响，如果是这样的话， 确定此偏好是否可以从玩具偏好中预测，或者 其他与性有关的行为。研究对象包括61名CAH女孩和46名CAH男孩 年龄3-15岁，109名性别和年龄匹配的亲属对照。研究对象将 在两个场合测试与性有关的活动，同伴 偏好、运动技能、运动活动和认知能力。这个 这项研究的纵向性质允许检查关系 在儿童早期的玩具游戏和后来的性爱活动之间 超能力。这项研究的结果将提供关于 荷尔蒙对特定行为发展的影响 在社会和教育方面具有相关性。他们还将提供信息 可以用于医疗管理和咨询的患者 CAH，以及在子宫内暴露于男性化药物的儿童，因为 针对不孕不育问题的产妇治疗。

This project is an investigation of gonadal hormone influences on human sexually-dimorphic behavior in children with congenital' adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), a genetic disease which results in increased prenatal levels of androgen. It is a continuation of earlier studies, which demonstrated hormonal influences on play behavior, aggression, and spatial ability, and represents the first longitudinal study of the behavioral consequences of elevated prenatal androgen exposure. The purpose of the proposed study is to elaborate further the behavioral mechanisms through which gonadal hormones masculinize behavior, the developmental consequences of hormonal influences on early toy choices, and the ways in which social factors modify the expression of sex-typed behaviors. The aims are three-fold: (l) to continue to follow-up hormone-exposed and control children already tested on various aspects of sex-typed behavior to see if these hormone-exposed girls continue to have increased interest in masculine activities, and, if so, to determine whether hormonal influences on these activities and spatial ability are the result of increased play with boys' toys in early childhood; (2) to study whether motor skills are influenced by prenatal androgen, and, if so, to determine if relative superiority in gross vs. fine motor skills (alone and in combination with high motor activity) accounts for participation in masculine activities; (3) to assess whether children's preference for same-sex playmates is influenced by prenatal androgen, and, if so, to determine whether this preference is predictable from toy preference or other sex-typed behavior. Subjects include 61 CAH girls and 46 CAH boys aged 3-15, and 109 sex- and age-matched relative controls. Subjects will be tested on two occasions on measures of sex-typed activities, peer preferences, motor skills, motor activity, and cognitive abilities. The longitudinal nature of the study allows examination of relationships between early childhood toy play and later sex-typed activities and abilities. Results from this study will provide information about hormonal influences on the development of specific behaviors that are both socially and educationally relevant. They will also provide information than can be used in the medical management and counseling of patients with CAH, and children who are exposed to masculinizing drugs in utero because of maternal treatment for infertility problems.