HORMONAL INFLUENCES ON HUMAN SEXUALLY-DIMORPHIC BEHAVIOR

这个合作项目是对性腺激素的研究 对人类性二态认知和社会行为的影响。这个 目的有四个：(A)描绘荷尔蒙的神经底物 对认知能力，特别是空间能力的影响； 确定特定的激素(雄激素或雌激素)负责 阳刚--特定行为的典型发展；(C)检查 类似于在实验室动物身上研究的行为和 被发现对早期性腺激素环境敏感，或者 曾被认为受到荷尔蒙的影响，但并没有 在人类中充分研究；(D)研究可能的 荷尔蒙对晚期认知和社交的早期影响 行为。患者(N=350)将从几个医疗部门招募 包括三组不同的激素异常 产生、敏感或暴露(先天性肾上腺增生症， 雄激素不敏感，以及产前接触己烯雌酚)。性爱- 年龄匹配的兄弟姐妹和堂兄弟姐妹将被招募作为对照 (n=350)。两个年龄段(2-6岁和12岁及以上)的受试者将 测试对象为(A)与特定皮质区域相关的各种任务或 不同的神经组织模式，和/或(B)行为 在人类中表现为性二型，或在其他人中受荷尔蒙影响 哺乳动物，关于荷尔蒙对人类影响的研究很少 众生相。要检查的行为包括玩耍行为(打闹 玩耍和玩具偏好)、认知能力(语言、空间、 数学和推理能力)，大脑半球特化 (用于语言和音乐处理)，幼儿活动，以及 个性。这项研究的结果将提供关于 荷尔蒙对特定行为发展的影响 在社会和教育方面具有相关性。他们还将提供有关 动物模型与理解人类激素行为的相关性 两性关系。

This collaborative project is an investigation of gonadal hormone influences on human sexually-dimorphic cognitive and social behavior. The aims are four-fold: (a) to delineate the neural substrate of hormonal influences on cognitive abilities, especially spatial ability; (b) to determine the specific hormone (androgen or estrogen) responsible for masculine-typical development of particular behaviors; (c) to examine behaviors which are similar to those studied in laboratory animals and found to be sensitive to the early gonadal hormone environment, or which have been suggested to be hormonally influenced but have not been adequately studied in human beings; (d) to study possible hormonally-influenced early antecedents of later cognitive and social behavior. Patients (N = 350) will be recruited from several medical centers and include three groups with different abnormalities of hormone production, sensitivity, or exposure (congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen insensitivity, and prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol). Sex- and age-matched siblings and cousins will be recruited as controls (N = 350). Subjects in two age ranges (2-6 and 12 and older) will be tested on (a) a variety of tasks related to specific cortical areas or different patterns of neurological organization, and/or (b) on behaviors shown to be sexually-dimorphic in humans, or hormonally-influenced in other mammals and poorly studied with regard to hormonal influences in human beings. Behaviors to be examined include play behavior (rough-and-tumble play and toy preferences), cognitive abilities (verbal, spatial, mathematical, and reasoning abilities), cerebral hemispheric specialization (for verbal and music processing), early childhood activities, and personality. Results from this study will provide information about hormonal influences on the development of specific behaviors that are both socially and educationally relevant. They will also provide information on the relevance of animal models for understanding human hormone-behavior relationships.