Advanced Climate Technology Urban Atmospheric Laboratory (ACTUAL)

现在世界上大多数人口居住在城市，城市已经占世界碳排放量的80%。伦敦的能源消耗在2003年的热浪中飙升--预计到21世纪50年代，这种极端温度将经常发生。我们老化的城市基础设施需要改造，以抵御21世纪世纪的气候，而不是通过增加能源使用来恶化气候。但城市地区的建筑不仅能抵御当地气候，还能改变气候。致力于改造城市基础设施的工程师和规划师们普遍没有认识到这种相互作用，部分原因是设计标准所依据的科学并不包括对城市气候的理解。要使现有和新建建筑物能够持续承受未来的变暖，需要立法和标准，但没有证据就无法制定政策。由于缺乏代表性数据，在当地气候基础上规划可持续城市的工作受到阻碍。这部分是由于在城市地区用传统的地面方法进行有代表性的全面测量的困难。遥感技术--使用激光和声脉冲在一定距离探测建筑物上方的空气--可以为这个问题提供一个尖端的解决方案。该提案的目的是创建先进气候技术城市大气实验室（ACTUAL），包括从城市到建筑规模的城市气候监测和模拟工具;并将结果直接纳入改造城市基础设施的工程和政策领域。核心项目将建立ACTUAL，需要大量开发仪器和数据记录系统，目标是在5年内为伦敦提供可靠的、有代表性的气候数据。前五年的研究主题是建筑物对温暖的伦敦气候的可持续适应。三个相互关联的研究链将利用这一主题内的实际数据：1）改善城市气候模拟2）评估建筑布局对城市通风的影响3）开发优化城市可再生能源发电的工具。该项目汇集了工程师，气象学家，地方当局决策者和工程顾问的各种选择。确保这些领域之间的明确知识交流至关重要：因此，在整个项目中，将开发虚拟城市环境（City-VUE）。这包括使学校、公众、决策者和工程师参与的综合网络和虚拟教育活动。ACTUAL和City-VUE将成为工程师的关键资源，以支持城市基础设施其他方面的可持续转型进入世纪。

Most of the world's population now lives in cities, which are already responsible for 80% of the world's carbon emissions. London's energy use soared during the 2003 heatwave - such extreme temperatures are predicted to be a regular occurrence by the 2050s. Our ageing urban infrastructure needs transformation to withstand the 21st century climate, without worsening it by increased use of energy. But buildings in urban areas don't just withstand local climate: they change it. This interaction is not generally recognised by engineers and planners working to transform urban infrastructure, partly because the science on which design standards are based does not incorporate understanding of urban climate. Adaptation of existing and new buildings to withstand warmer futures sustainably needs both legislation and standards - but policy cannot be formulated without evidence. Planning for sustainable cities on the basis of local climate has been hampered by lack of representative data. This is partially due to the difficulties of making representative full-scale measurements in urban areas with traditional, ground-based methods. Remote sensing techniques - using lasers and sound pulses to probe the air above the buildings at a distance - can provide a cutting-edge solution to the problem. The aim of this proposal is create the Advanced Climate Technology Urban Atmospheric Laboratory (ACTUAL), consisting of the tools to monitor and simulate urban climate from city down to building scale; and to integrate results directly into engineering and policy areas which transform urban infrastructure. The Core Project will be to build ACTUAL, requiring considerable development of instrumentation and data logging systems, with the goal of providing robust, representative climate data for London within 5 years. The research theme over the first five years is sustainable adaptation of buildings to a warmer London climate. Three interlinked Research Strands will exploit ACTUAL data within this theme: 1) improving urban climate simulation 2) assessing the effect of building layout on city ventilation and 3) developing tools to optimise urban renewable energy generation. The project brings together a diverse selection of engineers, meteorologists, local authority policy makers, and engineering consultants. Ensuring clear knowledge exchange between these areas is essential: so throughout the project a Virtual Urban Environment will be developed (City-VUE). This consists of integrated web-based and virtual educational activities to engage schools, the public, policy makers and engineers. ACTUAL and City-VUE will become key resources for engineers to underpin sustainable transformation of other aspects of urban infrastructure into the 21st century.