Refresh: Remodeling Building Design Sustainability from a Human Centered Approach

刷新：以人为本的方法重塑建筑设计的可持续性

• 批准号: EP/K021893/1
• 负责人: Janet Barlow
• 金额: $ 86.36万
• 依托单位: University of Reading
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FK021893%2F1
• 关键词: Refresh; Remodeling; Building; Design; Sustainability

More than two thirds of the worlds population will be living in cities by 2050, which made sustainable cities a key theme at the Rio+20 Summit. Over 40% of the UK population live their working lives carrying out knowledge work in offices - enclosed spaces in the built environment. Over 40% of the UK's GDP is driven by the knowledge work carried out in these buildings. While these buildings must meet basic environmental and safety standards, building codes are primarily defined around the performance of the physical infrastructure rather than capturing the performance of a person in a building in a city. Indeed, the energy agenda has recently focused on making these work environments as air tight and thus as energy efficient as possible. But what if this energy efficiency is costing our wellbeing, and thus our performance and capacity to contribute to environmental, economic and social sustainability? We are all familiar with working in buildings that are overhot, stuffy and have seemingly no air flow, and how our performance seems to suffer as a result. Yet such environments may be well within building specifications for environmental quality. There is a clear need to be able to quantify the impact of indoor air on human performance and determine what is optimal for quality performance. We hypothesize that poor indoor environments are the result of approaching building performance on the basis of (1) what is easy to measure (e.g. energy/carbon) and (2) without properly considering effects of the environment on human cognitive performance. Poor design may have such a critical impact on the creativity and innovation required for knowledge work that we need a radical shift in design focus. That radical reconsideration may show that even small changes not just to design, but to the way information about both the building and the person is presented, may significantly improve performance. The goals of the Refresh project are to put the human at the centre of building performance and to develop new measures and models that better capture the complexity of these interactions. We plan to measure the *dynamic* changes in and around the local environment on human performance in that environment. These measures will give us ways to create new models of building environments that in turn will be available to help inform policy for building quality that takes human wellbeing in these environments into account. These models will also help us to design new kinds of environmental interaction tools. For instance, much current attention is focused on smart meters to encourage us to change our behaviour around energy use. This is a very one-way view of our interaction with a buiding; it's all building to human. What if the building, however, knew something about our state and tasks? Would we be able to present a co-interaction meter that might suggest opening a window or going for a walk to get some air in order to complete a task when we're apparently becoming sluggish? Our proposal brings together a novel mix of ICT and engineering sciences. As such, our results will affect a range of disciplines. Overall, our research explicitly aims to develop a methodology for assessing indoor climate for human performance as the outdoor microclimate is altered due to a changing neighbourhood. We will discover how dynamic changes may enable us to create not just a sustainable indoor environment, but an indoor environment which sustains. We will enhance the present energy-dominated portfolio of built environment research by taking a holistic view and integrating explicit feedbacks between urban microclimate, ventilation and human performance. Our approach will provide guidance on how to meet energy efficiency targets without compromising productivity.

到2050年，世界上三分之二以上的人口将生活在城市，这使得可持续城市成为里约+20峰会的一个关键主题。超过40%的英国人在办公室里工作，在建筑环境中的封闭空间里从事知识工作。英国GDP的40%以上是由这些建筑中进行的知识工作驱动的。虽然这些建筑物必须符合基本的环境和安全标准，但建筑规范主要是围绕物理基础设施的性能来定义的，而不是捕捉城市建筑物中人员的性能。事实上，能源议程最近集中在使这些工作环境尽可能气密，从而尽可能节能。但是，如果这种能源效率正在损害我们的福祉，从而损害我们为环境、经济和社会可持续性做出贡献的表现和能力，那该怎么办？我们都熟悉在过热，闷热，似乎没有空气流动的建筑物中工作，以及我们的表现似乎因此而受到影响。然而，这样的环境可能完全符合环境质量的建筑规范。显然需要能够量化室内空气对人体性能的影响，并确定什么是最佳的质量性能。我们假设，恶劣的室内环境是基于（1）容易测量的（例如能量/碳）和（2）没有适当考虑环境对人类认知性能的影响而接近建筑性能的结果。糟糕的设计可能会对知识工作所需的创造力和创新产生至关重要的影响，因此我们需要彻底改变设计重点。这种彻底的重新考虑可能表明，即使是设计上的微小变化，也可以显着提高性能，但对建筑物和人的信息呈现方式的改变。Refresh项目的目标是将人类置于建筑性能的中心，并开发新的措施和模型，以更好地捕捉这些相互作用的复杂性。我们计划测量当地环境中和周围人类在该环境中的表现的动态变化。这些措施将为我们提供创建新的建筑环境模型的方法，这些模型反过来将有助于为考虑这些环境中人类福祉的建筑质量政策提供信息。这些模型也将帮助我们设计新的环境交互工具。例如，目前的注意力集中在智能电表上，以鼓励我们改变能源使用行为。这是我们与建筑互动的一个非常单向的观点;这都是建筑对人类的影响。然而，如果这座建筑知道我们的状态和任务呢？当我们明显变得迟钝时，我们是否能够提供一个相互作用量表，建议打开窗户或出去散步呼吸新鲜空气，以便完成任务？我们的建议汇集了ICT和工程科学的新组合。因此，我们的研究结果将影响一系列学科。总的来说，我们的研究明确旨在开发一种方法来评估室内气候对人类表现的影响，因为室外微气候会因周围环境的变化而改变。我们将发现动态变化如何使我们不仅能够创造一个可持续的室内环境，而且还能创造一个可持续的室内环境。我们将通过采取整体观点和整合城市微气候，通风和人类表现之间的明确反馈来加强目前以能源为主导的建筑环境研究组合。我们的方法将为如何在不影响生产力的情况下实现能源效率目标提供指导。

项目成果

Modelling urban airflow and natural ventilation using a GPU-based lattice-Boltzmann method

• DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.08.048
• 发表时间: 2017-11
• 期刊: Building and Environment
• 影响因子: 7.4
• 作者: M. King;Amirul Khan;N. Delbosc;Hannah L. Gough;C. Halios;J. Barlow;C. Noakes

Effects of variability of local winds on cross ventilation for a simplified building within a full-scale asymmetric array: overview of the Silsoe field campaign

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2018.02.010
• 发表时间: 2018-04
• 期刊: Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Hannah L. Gough;T. Sato;C. Halios;C. Grimmond;Zhiwen Luo;J. Barlow;A. Robertson;R. Hoxey

Wake Characteristics of Tall Buildings in a Realistic Urban Canopy

• DOI: 10.1007/s10546-019-00450-7
• 发表时间: 2019-08-01
• 期刊: BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY
• 影响因子: 4.3
• 作者: Hertwig, Denise;Gough, Hannah L.;Hayden, Paul
• 通讯作者: Hayden, Paul

Analysing wireless EEG based functional connectivity measures with respect to change in environmental factors

分析基于无线脑电图的功能连接措施与环境因素变化的关系

• DOI: 10.1109/bhi.2016.7455969
• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Biswas D

Evaluating single-sided natural ventilation models against full-scale idealised measurements: Impact of wind direction and turbulence

• DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106556
• 发表时间: 2020-03-01
• 期刊: BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
• 影响因子: 7.4
• 作者: Gough, H. L.;Barlow, J. F.;Grimmond, C. S. B.
• 通讯作者: Grimmond, C. S. B.