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A novel design and analysis of 3D Building Integrated Concentrating Enhanced Photovoltaic Thermal system: BICEPT

3D建筑一体化聚光增强光伏热系统的新颖设计与分析：BICEPT

基本信息

批准号：
EP/G030820/1
负责人：
Tapas Mallick
金额：
$ 22.74万
依托单位：
Heriot-Watt University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2009 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FG030820%2F1
关键词：
novel design analysis 3D Building

项目摘要

Given the threat posed by global warming, it is accepted widely that the potential photovoltaic renewable energy can be realised by (i) increasing their efficiencies, thus making them more viable; and at the same time to giving effective attention to minimising and (ii) using the heat generated in addition to electrical energy. Currently PV cells convert only typically 15 to 18% of the solar radiation into electricity, while the rest of the available energy is lost as heat or reflection. A key barrier to the widespread adoption of photovoltaics is achieving economic viability and reducing losses that occur due to increased temperature. One route towards enhanced efficiency is the use of a solar concentrator, as the area of the expensive photovoltaic cells can then be is reduced. Production of greater output per unit solar cell area can be achieved when solar radiation is concentrated on the photovoltaic via low cost reflecting/refracting materials. Many conceptual practical design, operation and control issues require further research to determine the most successful means by which solar concentration can be deployed for photovoltaics. One innovative approach has been to use the low concentration compound parabolic reflectors which enable the capture of a large part of the diffuse solar radiation in addition to the direct component. This is a particularly suitable approach in the climatic conditions in northern Europe, however, optical efficiency for 2D concentrators are limited to 85%, which can be inproved by developing 3D systems. A PV/T collector typically consists of a PV module at the rear of which an absorber plate (a heat extraction device) is attached. The purpose of the absorber is twofold. Firstly it cools the PV module and thus improves its electrical performance, and secondly it collects the thermal energy produced, which would otherwise been lost as heat to the environment. This collected heat could be used for low temperature applications such as domestic hot water production or space heating. In order to promote this type of solar system, it will be necessary to translate the basic concepts into efficient and functional technological components, and associated performance should be evaluated in a reliable manner. Electric energy production with photovoltaic/thermal solar hybrid system can be enhanced with the employment of concentrating devices. Concentrating PV operates at a relatively higher temperatures compared to the flat plate PV module, thus concentrating PV/T with overall efficiencies of 68% would be more appropriate for building integration enabling its efficiency improvement and domestic applications.This project will develop a non-tracking concentrating photovoltaic/thermal (CPV/T) system with optimised performance, which will be suitable for building faade/roof integration. As no tracking is required it is possible the cost of this system to reduce by two-fold, which makes more attractive for building integration. This will be undertaken through a new three dimensional design of a compound elliptical-hyperboloid concentrator of concentration ratios of 6.25 through a set of computation simulations together with controlled and outdoor tests. This design will enhance the optical efficiency of the concentrator unit and hence improve the overall electrical and thermal efficiency of the concentrating PV/T system. A prototype system will be made and indoor controlled characterisation will be undertaken at the HWU. Based on the process refinement one kWp system will be manufactured to characterise at outdoors test conditions. In addition, an integrated Optical, Heat transfer and Electrical (OHE) model will examine the PV/T system to optimise its performance.

考虑到全球变暖带来的威胁，人们普遍认为，潜在的光伏可再生能源可以通过以下方式实现：（i）提高其效率，从而使其更加可行;同时有效注意最小化和（ii）除了电能之外还使用所产生的热量。目前，光伏电池通常仅将15%至18%的太阳辐射转化为电能，而其余的可用能量则以热量或反射的形式损失。广泛采用光化学的一个关键障碍是实现经济可行性和减少由于温度升高而发生的损失。提高效率的一种途径是使用太阳能集中器，因为昂贵的光伏电池的面积可以减少。当太阳辐射通过低成本的反射/折射材料集中在光伏上时，可以实现每单位太阳能电池面积更大的输出。许多概念性的实际设计、操作和控制问题需要进一步研究，以确定太阳能集中用于光生物学的最成功的手段。一种创新方法是使用低浓度复合抛物面反射器，除了直接分量之外，还可以捕获大部分漫射太阳辐射。这在北方欧洲的气候条件下是特别合适的方法，然而，2D聚光器的光学效率被限制在85%，这可以通过开发3D系统来改进。PV/T集热器通常由PV模块组成，在PV模块的后部附接有吸收器板（热提取装置）。吸收器的目的是双重的。首先，它冷却PV模块，从而提高其电气性能，其次，它收集产生的热能，否则这些热能将作为热量损失到环境中。这种收集的热量可用于低温应用，如家用热水生产或空间供暖。为了推广这类太阳能系统，必须将基本概念转化为有效和实用的技术组成部分，并应以可靠的方式评估相关性能。光伏/热太阳能混合系统的电能生产可以通过使用聚光装置来增强。与平板光伏组件相比，聚光光伏组件在相对较高的温度下运行，因此，总效率为68%的聚光光伏/热电更适合于建筑一体化，从而提高其效率和家庭应用。本项目将开发一种具有优化性能的非跟踪聚光光伏/热电（CPV/T）系统，适用于建筑立面/屋顶一体化。由于不需要跟踪，因此该系统的成本可以降低两倍，这使得建筑集成更具吸引力。这将通过一个新的三维设计的复合椭圆双曲面集中器的浓度比为6.25，通过一组计算模拟与控制和室外测试。这种设计将提高聚光器单元的光学效率，从而提高聚光PV/T系统的总体电效率和热效率。一个原型系统将作出和室内控制特性将在HWU进行。根据工艺改进，将制造一个kWp系统，以在室外测试条件下进行测试。此外，集成的光学，传热和电气（OHE）模型将检查PV/T系统，以优化其性能。