FAMILY SIZE, BIRTH ORDER, AND INTELLIGENCE

本研究的目的是考察两个相关问题： (1)测量的智力与家庭规模之间的关系；及(2) 智力测量与出生顺序之间的关系。这些分析将 基于威斯康星州纵向研究的数据。 智力与家庭规模意志的关系分析 重点通过两种方式估计平均智商的代际变化，首先 使用关于兄弟姐妹关系大小的数据的父母和被调查者之间的关系，以及 受访者和后代之间的第二代使用来自 威斯康星州样本中男性和女性的生育史。我们的 分析将强调这两种方法中的第二种，即 辅以社会背景对智商影响的通径分析， 受教育程度、结婚年龄和生育率。关于解释的问题， 围绕遗传和环境因素的相对重要性 关于测量智商的问题，将会被解决。 关于出生顺序对智商影响的研究将首先在#年进行 通常使用威斯康星州全样本数据的方法。但是第二个和 更新的方法将使用被调查者-兄弟姐妹在智商上的差异，索引 以被调查者和兄弟姐妹的出生顺序为因变量。这 家庭内部的差异自动控制了许多混淆 因素，因为被调查者和兄弟姐妹有相同的父母。第二 因此，该方法有望提供比 第一。统计控制将通过多元回归和 多重分类分析。 这项研究将解决人口质量问题，这些问题源于 原籍家庭大小和兄弟姐妹地位与 测量智力以及测量智力与 生育能力。

The objective of this research is to examine two related questions: (1)\the relation between measured intelligence and family size; and (2) the relation between measured intelligence and birth order. The analyses will be based on data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. The analysis of the relation between intelligence and family size will focus on estimating the generational change in mean IQ in two ways, first between parental and respondent generations using data on sibship size, and second between respondent and offspring generations using data from reproductive histories of men and women in the Wisconsin sample. Our analysis will emphasize the second of these two approaches, which will be complemented by path analyses of social background effects on IQ, education, age at marriage, and fertility. Questions of interpretation, centering on the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors on measured IQ, will be addressed. The research on the influence of birth order on IQ will first be done in the usual way using data for the full Wisconsin sample. But the second and more novel approach will use the respondent-sib difference in IQ, indexed by birth orders of respondent and sib, as the dependent variable. This within-family difference automatically controls for many confounding factors, since respondent and sib share the same parents. The second approach, therefore, promises to give more informative results than the first. Statistical controls will be introduced via multiple regression and multiple classification analysis. The research will address questions about population quality deriving from the associations of size of family of origin and sibling position with measured intelligence and the association of measured intelligence with fertility.