MALE ADULTS AND CHILD GENDER-STEREOTYPED BEHAVIOR

男性成人和儿童的性别刻板行为

• 批准号: 3322018
• 负责人: PHYLLIS A KATZ
• 金额: $ 1.34万
• 依托单位: INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH ON SOCIAL PROBLEM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1987-09-01 至 1990-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3322018
• 关键词: adult human (21+); child behavior; female; gender difference; human subject; interpersonal relations; male; preference; social adjustment; videotape /videodisc

The need for broadening children's gender-role options has been highlighted by a number of recent findings demonstrating the negative effects of traditional, inflexible sex-role socialization on boys and girls. In a recent series of studies attempting to modify gender-stereotypical behavior in children, the present investigators found, unexpectedly, that male testers are considerably more effective than females in eliciting gender- atraditional behavior from children. The purpose of the proposed research program is to explore the parameters influencing this effect in a more direct and systematic fashion. A conceptual model delineating these parameters and their relationships provides the rationale for the studies to be conducted. A series of five studies is proposed, using children in middle grade school. These studies will permit us to assess the generality o the "male examiner effect" as well as to specify the conditions under which it occurs, and variables which may be related to it. The first two studies are concerned with how male and female adults interacting with children are viewed, and what kinds of gender- role ascriptions are attributed to them. These studies will obtain data pertinent to the issues of whether males are perceived as more reinforcing and/or powerful, and whether such perceptions interact with variations in the examiner's behavior, such as degree of warmth and level of gender-role traditionality. The third study will explore whether the effectiveness of males is limited to the reinforcement of opposite-sex associated objects, or whether it affects same-sex and gender-neutral associations as well. The fourth study will look at the role of novelty as a factor that has been found to increase both attention and recall in adults. If novelty is a factor, children with male teachers may be less susceptible to a male examiner than those with female teachers. The final study will explore a child's susceptibility to gender- atraditional communication as a function of both examiner and subject characteristics. The child's pre-existing gender-role preferences will be assessed in this study, together with their perceptions about their parents as gender-role socializers. Additionally, whether male and female examiners express either gender-traditional or atraditional interests will be varied. The cumulative data to be obtained in these studies will contribute both theoretical knowledge about socialization processes, and practical information about how to plan more effective intervention efforts.

扩大儿童性别角色选择的必要性 最近的一些研究结果强调了这一点 传统的、僵化的性别角色社会化的负面影响 男孩和女孩。 在最近的一系列研究中试图修改 儿童的性别刻板行为，现在 调查人员意外地发现，男性测试者 在激发性别意识方面比女性更有效 儿童的传统行为。 拟议的目的 研究计划是探索影响这一点的参数 以更直接、更系统的方式发挥作用。 一个概念性的 描述这些参数及其关系的模型 提供了进行研究的理由。 提出了一系列五项研究，以中年级儿童为对象 学校。 这些研究将使我们能够评估 “男性审查员效应”以及指定条件 它发生的情况以及可能与之相关的变量。 这 前两项研究涉及男性和女性成年人如何 与儿童的互动被视为何种性别？ 角色归属归因于他们。 这些研究将获得 与男性是否被视为 更加强和/或更强大，以及这种看法是否 与考官行为的变化（例如学位）相互作用 的热情和性别角色传统程度。 第三次研究 将探讨男性的有效性是否仅限于 异性相关物体的强化，或者是否 也影响同性和性别中立的协会。 这 第四项研究将探讨新颖性作为一个因素的作用 研究发现，它可以提高成年人的注意力和记忆力。 如果 新奇是一个因素，男老师带的孩子可能会少一些 与女教师相比，男性考官更容易受到影响。 最终研究将探讨孩子对性别的敏感性 传统沟通作为审查员和 学科特征。 孩子预先存在的性别角色 本研究将评估偏好及其 对父母作为性别角色社交者的看法。 此外，男性和女性审查员是否表达 性别传统或传统兴趣会有所不同。 这 这些研究中获得的累积数据将有助于 有关社会化过程的理论知识，以及 有关如何更有效地进行计划的实用信息 干预努力。