COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT IN HIGH-RISK AND NORMAL INFANTS

这项研究计划的目标是分析认知功能和 开发认知评估，以识别和区分正常 人类婴儿和有发育障碍风险的婴儿，例如 精神发育迟滞。五项研究系统地调查了四项 5-6个月婴儿的信息处理能力：习惯性， 识别记忆、新奇偏好和跨模式转换。 研究1是关于心理测量特征的，旨在(1)评估 每种能力的短期可靠性，(2)确定个人 (3)探讨二者之间的相互关系 第四，以及(4)分析可靠性和个体变异性 用刺激变化进行调节。尽管这四种能力一直是 经过广泛研究，其临床应用表明，基本心理测量学 这四个人的特点还没有得到充分的研究；而且，他们没有 以前在同一样本中进行了联合检查。 关于起源的研究2旨在调查内源性和外源性 儿童年龄对5~6月龄婴儿个体差异的影响 幼儿知觉的四种信息加工能力 1-2个月的能力和(2)母亲的教学互动方式 1--2个月。 研究3是关于同时关联的，旨在确定关联 5~6个月婴儿认知能力与(1)五个维度的关系 婴儿气质和(2)母亲的智力，社会经济地位， 和说教式的互动风格。 第四项研究是关于预测有效性的，旨在追踪 5-6个月婴儿的认知能力及其在12岁之间的表现 和48个月(1)相同的认知测量，(2)测量 语言熟练程度和心理测量智力，以及(3)有关 像游戏和分类这样的认知测量。 临床评估研究5旨在(1)比较认知能力 高危出生婴儿的认知能力与正常婴儿的能力 婴儿和(2)建立不同指标的相对值 高危婴儿和正常婴儿认知功能障碍的预测 纵向随访。 这项研究解决了知觉和认知的基本问题， 在婴儿期和人类发展阶段，在临床心理学和精神病学中， 还有儿科。这些问题的答案将直接关系到 界定认知功能障碍的本质并促进补救 在婴儿的高危人群中。

The goals of this research program are to analyze cognitive functions and to develop cognitive assessments that may identify and distinguish normal human infants and infants at-risk for developmental disability, such as mental retardation. Five studies systematically investigate four information-processing capacities in 5--6-month-old infants: habituation, recognition memory, novelty preference, and cross-modal transfer. Study 1, on psychometric characteristics, is designed (1) to assess the short-term reliability of each capacity, (2) to determine individual differences and variability in each, (3) to explore interrelations among the four, and (4) to assay how reliability and individual variability modulate with stimulus variation. Though these four capacities have been studied extensively, and their clinical utility implied, basic psychometric characteristics of the four are underresearched; moreover, they have not previously been examined conjointly in the same sample. Study 2, on origins, is designed to investigate endogenous and exogenous influences on individual differences among 5--6-month-old infants in the four information-processing capacities in terms of (1) infants' perceptual capacities at 1--2 months and (2) maternal didactic interaction styles at 1--2 months. Study 3, on concurrent correlates, is designed to determine associations between infant cognitive capacities at 5--6 months and (1) five dimensions of infant temperament and (2) maternal intelligence, socioeconomic status, and didactic interaction style. Study 4, on predictive validity, is designed to trace relations between cognitive capacities in 5--6-month-olds and their performance between 12 and 48 months (1) on the same cognitive measures, (2) on measures of language proficiency and psychometric intelligence, and (3) on associated cognitive measures like play and classification. Study 5, on clinical assessment, is designed (1) to compare cognitive capacities in infants born at-risk for cognitive disability against normal infants and (2) to establish the relative values of different indices for predicting cognitive deficit in high-risk and normal infants through longitudinal follow-up. This research addresses fundamental questions in perception and cognition, in infancy and human development, and in clinical psychology, psychiatry, and pediatrics. Answers to these questions will be of direct interest to defining the nature of cognitive dysfunction and to promoting remediation in high-risk populations of infants.