Child and Family Development in the First Two Decades of

前二十年的儿童和家庭发展

• 批准号: 7333965
• 负责人: MARC H BORNSTEIN
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7333965
• 关键词: Child; Family; Development; First; Two

The Child and Family Research Section (CFRS) in the Laboratory of Comparative Ethology in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development investigates dispositional, experiential, and environmental factors that contribute to physical, mental, emotional, and social development in human beings during the first two decades of life. The research goals of the CFRS are to describe, analyze, and assess (a) the capabilities and proclivities of developing children, including their physiological functioning, perceptual and cognitive abilities, emotional and social growth, and interactional styles; (b) the nature and consequences of interactions within the family and the social world for children and parents; and (c) influences on development of children's exposure to and interactions with the natural and designed environments. Research topics concern the origins, status, and development of psychological constructs, structures, functions, and processes in the first two decades of life; effects of child characteristics and activities on parents; and the meaning of variations in parenting and in the family across different sociodemographic and cultural groups. Laboratory and home-based studies employ a variety of approaches, including psychophysiological recordings, experimental techniques, behavioral observations, standardized assessments, rating scales, interviews, and demographic/census records in both longitudinal and cross-sectional designs. Sociodemographic comparisons under investigation include, for example, family SES, maternal age and employment status, and child parity and daycare experience. Cultural study sites include Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, England, France, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Peru, the Republic of South Korea, as well as the United States; in all places, intra-cultural as well as cross-cultural comparisons are pursued. The Child and Family Research Section was established with the broad aim of investigating the ways in which human development is affected by variations in the conditions under which human beings are reared. The CFRS also conducts a broad program of research in neuroscience and behavioral pediatrics that investigates questions at the interface of child development, biology, and health. Childhood is a time of vulnerability (to accidents, in risk taking), as it is formative in habit development and decision making (nutrition, exercise) for the balance of the life span. This research has several facets, including fetal growth and development and their predictive validity for postnatal performance, the role of heart function in psychological development, developmental sequelae following preterm birth, the impact of deafness on child development and family life, the developmental consequences of cancer and surgery in infancy, children's knowledge, implementation, and evaluation of strategies for coping with stressful medical interventions, and effects of maternal depression on child development and parenting. To meet this multifaceted charge, the CFRS has undertaken three integrated multiage, multivariate, multicultural research programs that are supplemented by a variety of ancillary investigations. These research programs represent an en bloc effort. The first program is a prospective longitudinal study designed to explore multiple aspects of child development in the context of major sociodemographic comparisons. The second program broadens the perspectives of the first to encompass cultural influences on development within the same basic longitudinal framework. The third program is composed of applied extensions of this basic research into neuroscience and behavioral pediatrics. The ultimate aims of these research programs are concerned directly with promoting aware, fit, and motivated children who, as a hopeful eventuality, will grow into knowledgeable, healthy, and happy adults.

美国国家儿童健康和人类发展研究所比较行为学实验室的儿童和家庭研究室 (CFRS) 研究有助于人类在生命的前二十年中身体、心理、情感和社会发展的性格、经验和环境因素。 CFRS 的研究目标是描述、分析和评估 (a) 发育中儿童的能力和倾向，包括他们的生理功能、感知和认知能力、情感和社交成长以及互动方式； (b) 家庭和社会世界内互动的性质和对儿童和父母的影响； (c) 对儿童接触自然和设计环境并与之互动的发展的影响。研究主题涉及生命前二十年心理构造、结构、功能和过程的起源、状态和发展；儿童特征和活动对父母的影响；以及不同社会人口和文化群体中养育方式和家庭差异的含义。实验室和家庭研究采用多种方法，包括心理生理学记录、实验技术、行为观察、标准化评估、评级量表、访谈以及纵向和横向设计中的人口/人口普查记录。正在调查的社会人口统计比较包括家庭社会经济地位、产妇年龄和就业状况、儿童平等和日托经历等。文化研究地点包括阿根廷、比利时、巴西、喀麦隆、加拿大、智利、英国、法国、以色列、意大利、日本、肯尼亚、秘鲁、韩国以及美国；在所有地方，都进行文化内和跨文化的比较。儿童和家庭研究室的设立的广泛目标是调查人类的成长环境如何影响人类的成长。 CFRS 还在神经科学和行为儿科领域开展了广泛的研究计划，调查儿童发育、生物学和健康之间的交叉问题。童年是一个脆弱的时期（容易遭受事故、冒险），因为它是习惯养成和决策（营养、锻炼）的形成期，以维持一生的平衡。这项研究有几个方面，包括胎儿生长发育及其对产后表现的预测有效性、心脏功能在心理发育中的作用、早产后的发育后遗症、耳聋对儿童发育和家庭生活的影响、婴儿期癌症和手术的发育后果、儿童应对压力医疗干预策略的知识、实施和评估，以及母亲抑郁症对儿童发育和养育的影响。 为了满足这一多方面的要求，CFRS 开展了三个综合性多时代、多变量、多文化研究项目，并辅以各种辅助调查。这些研究项目代表了整体的努力。第一个项目是一项前瞻性纵向研究，旨在在主要社会人口统计学比较的背景下探索儿童发展的多个方面。第二个项目拓宽了第一个项目的视角，在同一基本纵向框架内涵盖文化对发展的影响。第三个项目由神经科学和行为儿科基础研究的应用延伸组成。这些研究项目的最终目标直接涉及促进有意识、健康和积极主动的儿童，他们有望成长为知识渊博、健康和快乐的成年人。