COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT IN HIGH-RISK AND NORMAL INFANTS

这项研究计划的目标是分析认知功能， 开发认知评估，可以识别和区分正常的 人类婴儿和有发育障碍风险的婴儿，例如 智力迟钝。 五项研究系统地调查了四个 5- 6个月婴儿的信息处理能力：习惯化， 再认记忆、新奇偏好和跨通道迁移。 研究1是关于心理测量学特征的，目的是（1）评估 每个容量的短期可靠性，（2）确定个人 差异和可变性，（3）探索之间的相互关系 四个，和（4）分析如何可靠性和个体变异性 随刺激变化而调节。 虽然这四种能力 研究广泛，其临床效用暗示，基本的心理测量 这四个人的特点是研究不足;此外，他们没有 以前在同一样本中进行过联合检查。 研究2，关于起源，旨在调查内源性和外源性 对5--6月龄婴儿个体差异的影响 四个信息处理能力方面（1）婴儿的知觉 1- 2个月的能力和（2）母亲的教学互动风格， 1--2个月 研究3，关于并发相关因素，旨在确定关联 5- 6个月婴儿认知能力与（1）五个维度之间的关系 （2）母亲智力、社会经济地位、 和说教式的互动风格。 研究4是关于预测效度的，旨在追踪 5- 6个月婴儿的认知能力和他们在12岁之间的表现 和48个月（1）在相同的认知措施，（2）在措施， 语言能力和心理测量智力，以及（3）相关的 认知测量比如玩耍和分类 关于临床评估的研究5旨在（1）比较认知 出生时有认知障碍风险的婴儿与正常婴儿相比的能力 婴儿和（2）建立不同指标的相对值， 预测高危和正常婴儿的认知缺陷， 纵向随访。 这项研究解决了感知和认知中的基本问题， 在婴儿期和人类发展中，在临床心理学，精神病学， 和儿科。 这些问题的答案将直接关系到 定义认知功能障碍的性质， 高危人群的婴儿。

The goals of this research program are to analyze cognitive functions and to develop cognitive assessments that may identify and distinguish normal human infants and infants at-risk for developmental disability, such as mental retardation. Five studies systematically investigate four information-processing capacities in 5--6-month-old infants: habituation, recognition memory, novelty preference, and cross-modal transfer. Study 1, on psychometric characteristics, is designed (1) to assess the short-term reliability of each capacity, (2) to determine individual differences and variability in each, (3) to explore interrelations among the four, and (4) to assay how reliability and individual variability modulate with stimulus variation. Though these four capacities have been studied extensively, and their clinical utility implied, basic psychometric characteristics of the four are underresearched; moreover, they have not previously been examined conjointly in the same sample. Study 2, on origins, is designed to investigate endogenous and exogenous influences on individual differences among 5--6-month-old infants in the four information-processing capacities in terms of (1) infants' perceptual capacities at 1--2 months and (2) maternal didactic interaction styles at 1--2 months. Study 3, on concurrent correlates, is designed to determine associations between infant cognitive capacities at 5--6 months and (1) five dimensions of infant temperament and (2) maternal intelligence, socioeconomic status, and didactic interaction style. Study 4, on predictive validity, is designed to trace relations between cognitive capacities in 5--6-month-olds and their performance between 12 and 48 months (1) on the same cognitive measures, (2) on measures of language proficiency and psychometric intelligence, and (3) on associated cognitive measures like play and classification. Study 5, on clinical assessment, is designed (1) to compare cognitive capacities in infants born at-risk for cognitive disability against normal infants and (2) to establish the relative values of different indices for predicting cognitive deficit in high-risk and normal infants through longitudinal follow-up. This research addresses fundamental questions in perception and cognition, in infancy and human development, and in clinical psychology, psychiatry, and pediatrics. Answers to these questions will be of direct interest to defining the nature of cognitive dysfunction and to promoting remediation in high-risk populations of infants.