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SANDPIT-INTEGRATION OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE INDOOR THERMAL ENVIRONMENT CONTROL SYSTEMS TO MINIMISE THE CARBON FOOTPRINT OF AIRPORT BUILDINGS

主动和被动室内热环境控制系统的 Sandpit 集成，最大限度地减少机场建筑的碳足迹

基本信息

批准号：
EP/H004181/1
负责人：
Savvas Tassou
金额：
$ 91.59万
依托单位：
Brunel University London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2009 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FH004181%2F1
关键词：
SANDPIT INTEGRATION ACTIVE PASSIVE INDOOR

项目摘要

Aviation contributes to GHG emissions and climate change from aircraft in flight and on the ground and through the energy used by ground operations and airport buildings. The total UK emissions from aviation in 2005 were 37.5 million tones of CO2e representing 6.3% of UK's total. Emissions from domestic aviation amount to 2.3 MtCO2e and represent 0.4% of total. Emissions from energy consumption of airport buildings for the 20 largest airports in the UK in 2006 were 0.7 MtCO2e which represents approximately 0.1% of total UK emissions. This energy consumption is mainly gas for heating, and electricity for lighting, cooling and ventilation and many other electrical equipment such as motors. The vast majority of airports use conventional HVAC systems for indoor climate control which are based on gas fired boilers for heating and vapour compression refrigeration systems for cooling. These systems are normally located in plant rooms and rely on pumps and long distribution pipework to distribute hot and chilled water to heating and cooling coils in air handling units and air distribution devices in the terminal buildings. Energy saving approaches in modern airport terminal buildings include: the use of more efficient lighting and its control in response to natural lighting levels and occupancy, the maximization of the use of daylighting, solar gain control, the use of more energy efficient building materials and construction methods, thermal energy storage, the use of Combined Heat and Power systems and renewable energy sources such as solar energy and biomass. Most of these approaches, however, are only applicable to new airport buildings. As most of the airport infrastructure for the next 50 years already exists, maximum benefit from energy savings and GHG emissions reduction can be achieved from retrofit applications to existing airport buildings.This project will investigate and develop an innovative indoor thermal management system that can be easily retrofitted to existing airport buildings and can provide significant energy savings compared to current state of the art systems. The system will be based on active and passive indoor climate control systems based on phase change materials (PCMs) and slurries, and intelligent control techniques and systems that will provide real time control of lighting levels and indoor climate in response to external conditions, occupancy levels and passenger flows.Airports are characteristic for their large and open spaces with diverse and transient population. This and other design and operational requirements such as the maximisation of retail activity dictates that energy efficiency of airport terminal buidings cannot be resolved exclusively by the control of indoor conditions in response to the normally accepted definition of thermal comfort. To achieve maximum savings, the indoor climate control set-points should be as close to the outdoor temperature as possible and this requires the indoor environment and thermal comfort to be defined within an envelope that adequately reflects the impact of external climate and functional, social and cultural context on the passenger travel experience, profitability of airport operations and staff working environment. This project will take all these factors and diverse requirements into consideration in developing systems and controls to minimise the energy consumption and CO2 emissions from airport buildings.

航空业通过飞行中和地面上的飞机以及地面业务和机场建筑使用的能源，造成温室气体排放和气候变化。2005年，英国航空业的总排放量为3750万吨二氧化碳当量，占英国总排放量的6.3%。国内航空的排放量为230万吨二氧化碳当量，占总量的0.4%。2006年，英国20个最大机场的机场建筑物能源消耗排放量为0.7 MtCO2e，约占英国总排放量的0.1%。这种能源消耗主要是用于加热的天然气，以及用于照明、冷却和通风的电力以及许多其他电气设备，如电机。绝大多数机场使用传统的HVAC系统进行室内气候控制，该系统基于用于加热的燃气锅炉和用于冷却的蒸汽压缩制冷系统。这些系统通常位于机房内，依靠泵和长的分配管道将热水和冷水分配到航站楼内的空气处理装置和空气分配装置中的加热和冷却盘管。现代机场航站楼的节能方法包括：使用更有效的照明及其控制，以应对自然照明水平和占用，最大限度地利用日光照明，太阳能增益控制，使用更节能的建筑材料和施工方法，热能储存，使用热电联产系统和可再生能源，如太阳能和生物质。不过，这些方法大部分只适用于新机场建筑物。由于未来50年的大部分机场基础设施已经存在，因此，通过对现有机场建筑进行改造，可以实现节能和减少温室气体排放的最大效益。本项目将研究和开发一种创新的室内热管理系统，该系统可以很容易地对现有机场建筑进行改造，与当前最先进的系统相比，可以显著节省能源。该系统将基于基于相变材料（PCM）和浆料的主动和被动室内气候控制系统，以及智能控制技术和系统，将根据外部条件、入住率和客流量提供对照明水平和室内气候的真实的实时控制。机场的特点是其大型开放空间，人口多样化且流动性强。这一点以及其他设计和运营要求，如零售活动的最大化，要求机场航站楼的能源效率不能完全通过控制室内条件来解决，以响应通常接受的热舒适度定义。为了实现最大限度的节约，室内气候控制设定点应尽可能接近室外温度，这就要求室内环境和热舒适度应在一个范围内定义，该范围应充分反映外部气候和功能、社会和文化背景对乘客旅行体验、机场运营盈利能力和工作人员工作环境的影响。该项目将在开发系统和控制时考虑所有这些因素和各种要求，以最大限度地减少机场建筑的能源消耗和二氧化碳排放。