SANDPIT-INTEGRATION OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE INDOOR THERMAL ENVIRONMENT CONTROL SYSTEMS TO MINIMISE THE CARBON FOOTPRINT OF AIRPORT BUILDINGS

主动和被动室内热环境控制系统的 Sandpit 集成，最大限度地减少机场建筑的碳足迹

基本信息

批准号：
EP/H004181/1
负责人：
Savvas Tassou
金额：
$ 91.59万
依托单位：
Brunel University London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2009 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FH004181%2F1
关键词：
SANDPIT INTEGRATION ACTIVE PASSIVE INDOOR

项目摘要

Aviation contributes to GHG emissions and climate change from aircraft in flight and on the ground and through the energy used by ground operations and airport buildings. The total UK emissions from aviation in 2005 were 37.5 million tones of CO2e representing 6.3% of UK's total. Emissions from domestic aviation amount to 2.3 MtCO2e and represent 0.4% of total. Emissions from energy consumption of airport buildings for the 20 largest airports in the UK in 2006 were 0.7 MtCO2e which represents approximately 0.1% of total UK emissions. This energy consumption is mainly gas for heating, and electricity for lighting, cooling and ventilation and many other electrical equipment such as motors. The vast majority of airports use conventional HVAC systems for indoor climate control which are based on gas fired boilers for heating and vapour compression refrigeration systems for cooling. These systems are normally located in plant rooms and rely on pumps and long distribution pipework to distribute hot and chilled water to heating and cooling coils in air handling units and air distribution devices in the terminal buildings. Energy saving approaches in modern airport terminal buildings include: the use of more efficient lighting and its control in response to natural lighting levels and occupancy, the maximization of the use of daylighting, solar gain control, the use of more energy efficient building materials and construction methods, thermal energy storage, the use of Combined Heat and Power systems and renewable energy sources such as solar energy and biomass. Most of these approaches, however, are only applicable to new airport buildings. As most of the airport infrastructure for the next 50 years already exists, maximum benefit from energy savings and GHG emissions reduction can be achieved from retrofit applications to existing airport buildings.This project will investigate and develop an innovative indoor thermal management system that can be easily retrofitted to existing airport buildings and can provide significant energy savings compared to current state of the art systems. The system will be based on active and passive indoor climate control systems based on phase change materials (PCMs) and slurries, and intelligent control techniques and systems that will provide real time control of lighting levels and indoor climate in response to external conditions, occupancy levels and passenger flows.Airports are characteristic for their large and open spaces with diverse and transient population. This and other design and operational requirements such as the maximisation of retail activity dictates that energy efficiency of airport terminal buidings cannot be resolved exclusively by the control of indoor conditions in response to the normally accepted definition of thermal comfort. To achieve maximum savings, the indoor climate control set-points should be as close to the outdoor temperature as possible and this requires the indoor environment and thermal comfort to be defined within an envelope that adequately reflects the impact of external climate and functional, social and cultural context on the passenger travel experience, profitability of airport operations and staff working environment. This project will take all these factors and diverse requirements into consideration in developing systems and controls to minimise the energy consumption and CO2 emissions from airport buildings.

航空在飞行中，地面上以及地面运营和机场建筑物所用的能量中有助于温室气体排放和气候变化。 2005年，英国航空的总排放量为3750万色调，占英国总数的6.3％。国内航空的排放量为2.3 mtco2e，占总数的0.4％。 2006年英国20个最大机场的机场建筑物的能源消耗的排放量为0.7 mtco2e，约占英国总排放量的0.1％。这种能源消耗主要是用于加热的气体，以及用于照明，冷却和通风的电力以及许多其他电动设备（例如电动机）。绝大多数机场使用常规的HVAC系统来进行室内气候控制，这些系统基于用于加热和蒸气压缩制冷系统进行冷却的燃气锅炉。这些系统通常位于植物房间，并依靠泵和长的配电管道将热水和冷藏的水分配到空气处理单元中的加热和冷却线圈，并在终端建筑物中的空气分配设备中。现代机场终端建筑物中的节能方法包括：使用更有效的照明及其控制自然照明水平和占用水平，最大化日光的使用，太阳增益控制，使用更高效的建筑材料和更节能的建筑材料，热能储能，联合热量和电力系统的使用以及可再生能源的使用以及可再生能源和可再生能源的能源和生物源和生物量。但是，这些方法中的大多数仅适用于新的机场建筑物。由于未来50年的大多数机场基础设施已经存在，因此节能和温室气体排放量最大的收益可以从改造应用到现有机场建筑物中实现。该项目将调查和开发可轻松改造到现有机场建筑物的创新室内热管理系统，并与现有的机场建筑物相比，与当前的现有能源节省相比，与当前的现有状态相比。该系统将基于基于相变材料（PCM）和泥浆的主动和被动的室内气候控制系统，以及智能控制技术和系统，这些技术和系统将对照明水平的实时控制和室内气候，响应外部条件，占用水平和乘客流量，乘客水平和载客群具有多样性和瞬态人群的大型和开放空间的特征。这项和其他设计和运营要求，例如零售活动的最大化，这决定了机场终端建造的能源效率不能仅通过控制室内条件的控制，这是响应通常接受的热舒适性的定义来解决的。为了获得最大的节省，室内气候控制的设定点应尽可能接近室外温度，这需要在室内环境和热舒适度中定义，以充分反映外部气候和功能，社会和文化环境对乘客旅行，机场运营和员工工作环境的影响。该项目将考虑所有这些因素和不同的要求，以开发系统和控制，以最大程度地减少机场建筑物的能源消耗和二氧化碳排放。