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Low Temperature Waste Heat to Power Generation

低温余热发电

基本信息

批准号：
EP/P510294/1
负责人：
Savvas Tassou
金额：
$ 41.12万
依托单位：
Brunel University London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FP510294%2F1
关键词：
Low Temperature Waste Heat Power

项目摘要

Most of the waste heat (more than 60%) from industrial processes and institutional buildings, is low grade heat which makes its direct use within the facility difficult and also reduces the potential for power generation using Rankine or Organic Rankine Cycles (ORCs). ORCs also require that adequate pressure and consequently temperature differential is maintained between the heat source and heat sink to provide sufficient expansion energy for the turbine. This limits the temperature that the heat source can be cooled down to and the heat recovery and power generation potential. The Main aim of this project is to overcome the limitations of conventional technologies by developing an innovative low temperature heat to power conversion system that can recover energy from low temperature waste heat streams. The project addresses the energy trilemma through: i) Reduction of Emissions: by generating electricity from low temperature waste heat and displacing fossil fuel use. ii) Security of supply: the generation of electricity from a waste heat will reduce the amount of primary fuel required and provides an alternative source of energy supply. iii) Cost savings: using waste heat will result in significant cost savings for the users. The system will be optimised for maximum efficiency at heat source temperatures 75 C to 90 C to maximise the range of applications and potential markets. It will operate on what we term 'Controlled Phase Cycle (CPC)'. The CPC is a variant of the Trilateral Flash Cycle (TFC), which is a 3-leg power cycle in which the working fluid expands from saturated liquid state at high pressure to a two-phase state at lower pressure in an expander before rejecting heat and condensing in the condenser. The resulting liquid is then compressed by a feed pump to the higher pressure level before is heated up by the heat source (waste heat stream) and re-expanded. The 'wet' expansion increases significantly the power output compared to the ORC. The TFC has not been commercialised as yet, due to the low efficiency of available expanders and high parasitic losses, particularly pumping power. These shortcomings will be overcome by innovations in this project which include: i) Control of the quality of the fluid before expansion to a high wetness fraction to increase expansion efficiency;ii) Thermal instead of mechanical pumping of the liquid from the condenser to the expansion pressure; iii) Innovative heat exchanger design and controls to maximise heat transfer from the waste heat stream and minimise pressure losses;iv) Improved screw expander rotor profile to further increase efficiency. The project will lead to a proof of concept system to be installed for demonstration and evaluation in a dairy facility.

来自工业流程和机构建筑的大部分废热(超过60%)是低品位热能，这使得其在设施内直接使用变得困难，也降低了使用朗肯或有机朗肯循环(ORCS)发电的潜力。ORCS还要求在热源和散热器之间保持足够的压力，从而保持温差，以便为涡轮机提供足够的膨胀能量。这限制了热源可以冷却到的温度以及热回收和发电潜力。该项目的主要目的是通过开发一种创新的低温热能转换系统来克服传统技术的局限性，该系统可以从低温废热流中回收能量。该项目通过以下方式解决能源三难问题：i)减少排放：利用低温余热发电并取代化石燃料的使用。2)供应安全：利用余热发电将减少所需的主要燃料量，并提供另一种能源供应。3)节约成本：使用余热将为用户节省大量成本。该系统将在75摄氏度至90摄氏度的热源温度下实现最大效率，以最大限度地扩大应用范围和潜在市场。它将按照我们所说的“受控阶段周期(CPC)”运行。CPC是三边闪蒸循环(TFC)的变体，TFC是一种三段式动力循环，在该循环中，工作流体在膨胀机中从高压下的饱和液体膨胀到较低压力下的两相状态，然后在冷凝器中排出热量并冷凝。产生的液体随后被进料泵压缩到更高的压力水平，然后被热源(废热气流)加热并重新膨胀。与ORC相比，“湿”扩展显著增加了功率输出。由于现有膨胀机的效率低和寄生损耗高，特别是泵浦功率，TFC还没有商业化。这些缺点将通过该项目的创新来克服，这些创新包括：i)在膨胀前控制流体的质量，以提高膨胀效率；ii)将液体从冷凝器中热泵到膨胀压力，而不是机械泵送；iii)创新的热交换器设计和控制，以最大限度地增加废热气流中的热量，并最大限度地减少压力损失；iv)改进螺杆膨胀机的转子型面，以进一步提高效率。该项目将导致一个概念验证系统被安装在一个乳制品设施中进行演示和评估。