PHASED ARRAYS FOR MULTIPLANE ESOPHAGEAL ECHOS IN INFANTS

这些技术和临床研究的目的是进一步 推进婴儿先天性心脏病的无创评估 通过提供专门的高频相控阵设备， MHz和10 MHz以及专门设计的儿科内窥镜器械， 先天性心脏病术中解剖探查及三例 复杂心血管畸形的三维重建。 我们之前在该提案头两年的工作导致了 第一个功能7.5 MHz小型化的设计和实现 64元小儿探头及其在小儿心脏中的应用 腹部、颅内成像和血管解剖成像 多普勒及彩色血流增强。 探测器作为 推动了通用电气公司和通用电气公司开发商用7.5 MHz探头的努力。 其他公司试图掌握这项技术。 （二） 7.5MHz的探针已由其他小组制备。 无近场 优化或与我们的分辨率一样高）。 进一步优化 7.5 MHz探头的设计参数和10 MHz相位的开发 阵列探头应进一步推进儿科心血管成像。 此外，内窥镜和食管方法的快速发展， 事实证明，评估患者的心脏病非常重要， 成人心脏病学 在儿科心脏病学中，由于 先天性疾病解剖，也有至关重要的需要小型化 用于婴儿先天性心脏手术中监测的装置 疾病修复 没有适用于儿童的高频内窥镜 新生儿 我们建议开发的内窥镜设备， 构建包括7.5 MHz和10 MHz内窥镜探头，相位为6至8 mm2 在6 mm小儿食管镜上构建的阵列尖端，能够 心脏多平面成像和三维重建 结构和流动。 我们努力扩大的范围和多功能性， 7.5至10 MHz频率范围内的相控阵列器件， 内窥镜多平面三维成像方法应产生主要的 小儿心脏病诊断和手术计划的进展。

It is the purpose of these technical and clinical studies to further advance the non-invasive evaluation of infants with congenital heart disease by providing specialized high-frequency phased array devices at 7.5 MHz and 10 MHz and specifically designed pediatric endoscopic devices for intraoperative exploration of congenital heart anatomy and for three- dimensional reconstruction of complex cardiovascular malformations. Our previous work on the first two years of this proposal has resulted in the design and implementation of the first functional 7.5 MHz miniaturized 64 element pediatric probes and their application in pediatric heart, abdominal, intracranial imaging and the imaging of vascular anatomy enhanced by Doppler and color flow methods. The probes served as the impetus for the development of commercial 7.5 MHz probes both by General Electric and attempts by other companies to master this technology. (Two probes at 7.5 MHz have been prepared by other groups. None is near-field optimized or is as high in resolution as ours). Further optimization of the design parameters of 7.5 MHz probes and the development of 10 MHz phase array probes should further advance pediatric cardiovascular imaging. Additionally, the rapid evolution of endoscopic and esophageal methods for evaluating patients' heart disease has proven of substantial importance in adult cardiology. In pediatric cardiology because of the complexity of congenital disease anatomy, there is also crucial need for miniaturized devices for use in babies for intraoperative monitoring of congenital heart disease repair. No high frequency pediatric endoscopes exist suitable for newborn infants. The endoscopic devices that we proposed to develop and build includes 7.5 MHz and 10 MHz endoscopic probes with 6 to 8 mm2 phased array tips built on 6 mm pediatric esophagoscopes which will be capable of multi-planar imaging and three dimensional reconstruction of cardiac structure and flow. Our efforts in extending the range and versatility of phased array devices in the 7.5 to 10 MHz frequency range and developing endoscopic multi-planar 3-dimensional imaging methods should yield major advances in diagnostic and surgical planning for pediatric heart patients.