UV FLOW PHOTOREACTORS FOR BLOOD AND BLOOD COMPONENTS

紫外线照射血液和血液成分是 作为某些白血病的治疗方法， 免疫抑制疗法的组成部分，作为 治疗反复血小板输注无效的病人 输血，并作为消毒血液成分的方法 用于治疗用途。 虽然物理原理， 紫外线的传递是已知的，他们还没有被 仔细应用于此类系统的分析和设计。 一 大量潜在有用的信息存在于 化学工程的文献，涉及设计 工业光反应器，包括那些处理悬浮液。 该提案设想对这一建议进行调整和应用， 知识作为一种手段：（一）更好地解释生物学 研究紫外线对血液成分的影响，（ii） 解决将紫外线能量集中在 血液中的特定成分或细胞器， 光反应是所需的，和（iii）提高均匀性 利用其将UV能量传递到各个构件（例如， 细胞）。 努力将被引导 来理解入射能量在 不同的微观“区域”：细胞之间的悬浮液， 在细胞表面和细胞内，使用化学日射计 基于荧光漂白， 感兴趣的区域。 “敏化剂”的数量作用 （包括对它们的剂量反应）在修改能量 将被审查。 一源多汇模型 对于这些过程，建议总结可能复杂的 有用的结果。 对整个反应堆的“微观”分析 还建议包括确定和评估 重要性--停留时间分布，空间 成分（特别是细胞）的分离， 辐射能的分布。 均匀性评价 细胞的紫外线剂量将通过细胞荧光成像来确定， 单细胞在原型中被光漂白后 反应堆

Ultraviolet irradiation of blood and blood components is receiving new attention as a therapy for certain leukemias, as a component of immunosuppression therapies, as a method of combatting refractoriness of patients to repeated platelet transfusions, and as a method of sterilizing blood components intended for therapeutic use. While the physical principles that underline the delivery of UV are known, they have not been carefully applied to analysis and design of such systems. A large body of potentially useful information exists within the literature of chemical engineering that deals with the design of industrial photoreactors, including those processing suspensions. This proposal envisions adaptation and application of this knowledge as a means: (i) of better interpreting biological research into the effects of UV on blood constituents, (ii) of attacking the problem of concentrating UV energy on the particular constituents or organelles of blood where photoreaction is desired, and (iii) of improving the uniformity with which UV energy is delivered to individual members (e.g. cells) of a desired target population. Effort will be directed to understanding the fraction of incident energy absorbed in different microscopic "regions": suspending fluid between cells, at cell surfaces, and intracellulary, using chemical actinometers based on fluorescence bleaching which have been concentrated in the regions of interest. The quantitative role of "sensitizers" (including the dose response to them) in modifying where energy is deposited will be examined. A one-source-multiple-sink model for these processes is proposed to summarize possibly complex results usefully. A "microscopic" analysis of the whole reactor is also proposed including ascertaining -- and assessing the importance of -- residence time distributions, spatial segregation of components (particularly cells), and the distribution of radiant energy. The assessment of uniformity of UV dosage to cells will be determined by cytofluorography of may single cells after they have been photobleached in prototype reactors.