UV FLOW PHOTOREACTORS FOR BLOOD AND BLOOD COMPONENTS

紫外线照射血液和血液成分是 接受新的关注作为治疗某些白血病的方法，如 免疫抑制疗法的组成部分，作为一种方法 抗击患者对反复血小板的耐受性 输血和作为血液成分消毒的一种方法 用于治疗的。虽然物理原理是 强调紫外线的传递是已知的，它们还没有被 精心应用于此类系统的分析和设计。一个 大量潜在有用的信息存在于 关于化学工程的文献，涉及设计的 工业光反应堆，包括处理悬浮液的那些。 本提案设想了对这一点的适应和应用 作为一种手段的知识：(一)更好地解释生物学 紫外线对血液成分影响的研究，(Ii) 解决将紫外线能量集中在 血液中的特定成分或细胞器 光反应是理想的，以及(Iii)改善了均匀性 通过其将紫外线能量传递给各个成员(例如 细胞)所需的目标群体。努力的方向将是 要理解入射能量吸收的比例 不同的微观“区域”：细胞间的悬浮液， 在细胞表面和细胞内，使用化学辐射计 基于荧光漂白，已经集中在 感兴趣的区域。“敏化剂”的量化作用 (包括对它们的剂量响应)在修改哪里的能量 将会被检查。一种单源多汇模型 针对这些过程提出了可能比较复杂的总结 结果是有用的。对整个反应堆的“微观”分析 还建议包括确定--并评估 --停留时间分布、空间分布的重要性 组件(特别是细胞)的分离，以及 辐射能分布。不均匀度的评定 紫外线对细胞的剂量将通过5月份的细胞荧光照相来确定 在原型中进行光漂白后的单个细胞 反应堆。

Ultraviolet irradiation of blood and blood components is receiving new attention as a therapy for certain leukemias, as a component of immunosuppression therapies, as a method of combatting refractoriness of patients to repeated platelet transfusions, and as a method of sterilizing blood components intended for therapeutic use. While the physical principles that underline the delivery of UV are known, they have not been carefully applied to analysis and design of such systems. A large body of potentially useful information exists within the literature of chemical engineering that deals with the design of industrial photoreactors, including those processing suspensions. This proposal envisions adaptation and application of this knowledge as a means: (i) of better interpreting biological research into the effects of UV on blood constituents, (ii) of attacking the problem of concentrating UV energy on the particular constituents or organelles of blood where photoreaction is desired, and (iii) of improving the uniformity with which UV energy is delivered to individual members (e.g. cells) of a desired target population. Effort will be directed to understanding the fraction of incident energy absorbed in different microscopic "regions": suspending fluid between cells, at cell surfaces, and intracellulary, using chemical actinometers based on fluorescence bleaching which have been concentrated in the regions of interest. The quantitative role of "sensitizers" (including the dose response to them) in modifying where energy is deposited will be examined. A one-source-multiple-sink model for these processes is proposed to summarize possibly complex results usefully. A "microscopic" analysis of the whole reactor is also proposed including ascertaining -- and assessing the importance of -- residence time distributions, spatial segregation of components (particularly cells), and the distribution of radiant energy. The assessment of uniformity of UV dosage to cells will be determined by cytofluorography of may single cells after they have been photobleached in prototype reactors.