STRESS, SODIUM, AND BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION

这将是对128名健康受试者的纵向研究， 或血压轻微升高，年龄在20到40岁之间， 暴露在职业压力的有规律的周期性变化中。它 将调查压力、家族史和 高血压和钠摄入量对血压及相关因素的影响 变量。 受试者将从经过筛选的人群中挑选出来 注册会计师(CPA)或纽约市的建筑事务所。 他们将被分成两组，每组的受试者 有高血压家族史的和无高血压家族史的。 它们将在4个月的时间内进行研究，这将是 包括从相对较低的压力过渡到在 截止日期的时间。每组一半的受试者将是 随机服用缓释钠胶囊，以增加他们的 膳食钠增加100meq/天，另一半与之匹配 安慰剂。将对两组进行基线评估 在职业压力低的时期，将包括 饮食评估，24小时动态血压 记录，以及一系列评估职业的问卷 压力、个性和人口统计学变量。血和尿 将采取与钠平衡有关的措施的样本 (血浆肾素、心钠素、尿醛固酮和 电解质)和压力(血脂、皮质醇和尿液 儿茶酚胺和皮质醇)。 在试验期内，将持续17周 注册会计师，受试者将记录他们的血压在 工作和在家，以及他们感知到的 压力，以及食物、酒精、咖啡因的摄取和香烟的使用。 他们不会被要求改变饮食，但会被要求改变饮食 服用氯化钠缓释胶囊或配伍 安慰剂。他们还将每两天收集一次过夜尿样。 几周。这段时间将包括压力峰值时间(例如，4月 15名税务会计师)以及之后的4周。重复输血 样本将在应力峰值时采集。 据推测，血压将逐渐升高 随着职业压力水平的上升，这种增加 会在有阳性家族史的受试者中表现最好 高血压，并将增加高钠摄入量。

This will be longitudinal study of 128 healthy subjects with normal or minimally elevated blood pressure aged 20 to 40 years, who are exposed to regular cyclical variations of occupational stress. It will investigate the interactions of stress, family history of hypertension and sodium intake on blood pressure and related variables. Subjects will be selected from screened populations at Certified Public Accountant (CPA) or architectural firms in New York City. They will be divided into two groups of 64 subjects each: those with a positive family history of hypertension, and those without. They will be studied during a 4 month periods, which will encompass a transition from relatively low stress to a peak at the time of a deadline. Half of the subjects in each group will be randomized to take slow release sodium capsules to increase their dietary sodium by 100 meq/day, and the other half matching placebo. Baseline evaluation of the two groups will be performed during a period of low occupational stress, and will include a dietary evaluation, an ambulatory 24 hour blood pressure recording, and a series of questionnaires evaluating occupational stress, personality and demographical variables. Blood and urine samples will be taken for measures related to sodium balance (plasma renin, atrial natriuretic factor, urine aldosterone, and electrolytes) and stress (blood lipids and cortisol, and urine catecholamines and cortisol). During the experimental periods, which will last 17 weeks for the CPAs, subjects will keep records of their blood pressure both at work and at home, and also diaries of their perceived level of stress, and intake of food, alcohol, caffeine, and use of cigarettes. They will not be asked to change their diets, but will be asked to take either slow-release sodium chloride capsules, or matching placebo. They will also collect overnight urine samples every two weeks. This period will include the time of peak stress (e.g., April 15 of the tax accountants) and 4 weeks thereafter. Repeat blood samples will be taken at the time of peak stress. It is hypothesized that blood pressure will increase progressively as the level of occupational stress rises, and that this increase will be greatest in subjects with a positive family history of hypertension, and will be augmented by a high sodium intake.