RESILIENCE THROUGH INNOVATION: CRITICAL LOCAL TRANSPORT AND UTILITY INFRASTRUCTURE

为人员运输、货运、废物和公用事业服务提供便利，从而为文明生活提供必要支持的有形基础设施正受到以下各种来源的威胁：老化(往往是极端的)、不利的地面化学作用、地面负荷或露天干预措施造成的压力缓解；需求急剧增加；不断变化的(不同的或改变的)需求；恐怖主义；气候变化的影响；资金紧张和严重的自然灾害(极端天气事件、地震、山体滑坡等)。人们普遍认识到这种脆弱性以及在面对这种威胁时保持韧性的必要性--见《建设英国的未来》17和ICE的《国情报告：保卫关键基础设施》18(均为2009年)，以及新的英国基础设施交付机构的目标18。这项可行性研究旨在探索完全不同的方式来概念化、设计、建造、维护、管理、调整和评估有形基础设施，以使其具有弹性，无论表现出哪些威胁或未来如何发展。在这种背景下，复原力是指基础设施、管理系统和最终用户之间存在的共生关系。近年来，人们看到了一种更多跨学科的复原力概念的转变，该概念融合了复原力的物理(包括固有的和自然的)和社会政治方面。这一变化是至关重要的，因为社会政治和管理方面对实现复原力的重要性可以说与物理方面一样重要；复原力工程还要求在管理工程活动的专业和结构和过程方面具有更强的复原力基础设施背景。这项建议探索了复原力研究所需的工程和社会层面，以在面对多重挑战的情况下，在思想和实践方面带来根本性的变化，以确保未来的安全。以下是工程学、空间规划和社会科学相结合的两个核心复原力主题，将通过一系列讲习班开展应对关键挑战的可行性研究。具体表现在《地方协定》--一套32项中央核准和地方执行的业绩指标，将工程解决办法、采用机制、行为适应和教育联系在一起。为有弹性的社区定制当地公用事业基础设施2。交通在社会复原力中的作用研究团队来自伯明翰大学的五个主要研究小组，他们都在研究基础设施和复原力的核心主题。该团队得到了来自利益相关者社区的创新思考者的支持，包括从业者和政策制定者。将研究的主要主题是创建地方公用事业基础设施和交通，以提供弹性，认识到英国正在转向加强公共/私营部门以及地方决策和交付的创新。我们的团队将通过克服工程学对解决方案的关注和社会科学家对问题的关注之间存在的紧张关系，通过开发针对当地问题的现实解决方案来深化跨学科研究。这需要探索四个实践社区之间的接口：工程和物理科学、社会科学、私营公司和地方政府。其目的是确定降低成本和加强交付的解决方案，但也要确定有潜力创造具有商业价值的创新产品的新项目。

The physical infrastructure that facilitates the transport of people, freight, waste and utility services, and thus provides the essential support to civilised life, is under threat from numerous sources: deterioration through (often extreme) ageing, adverse ground chemistry, surface loading or stress relief due to open-cut interventions; severely increased demand; ever changing (different, or altered) demands; terrorism; the effects of climate change; funding constraints and severe natural hazards (extreme weather events, earthquakes, landslides, etc.). Such vulnerability, and the need for resilience in the face of such threats, is recognised widely - see Building Britain's Future17 and the ICE's State of The Nation Report: Defending Critical Infrastructure18 (both 2009), and the aims of the new Infrastructure UK delivery body18. This feasibility study seeks to explore radically different ways of conceptualising, designing, constructing, maintaining, managing, adapting and valuing the physical infrastructure to make it resilient no matter which threats are manifested or how the future develops. In this context resilience refers to the symbiosis existing between infrastructure, management systems and end users.Recent years have witnessed a shift to a more transdisciplinary concept of resilience that integrates the physical (both built and natural) and socio-political aspects of resilience. This change has been crucial because the socio-political and managerial aspects are arguably as important to the attainment of resilience as the physical aspects; resilient engineering also demands a more resilient infrastructural context with regard to the professions and the structures and processes which govern engineering activity.This proposal explores the engineering and social dimensions of resilience research needed to bring about radical changes in thinking and practice for an assured future in the face of multiple challenges. The following represent two core resilience themes at the interface of engineering, spatial planning and social science, from which feasibility studies to address key challenges will emerge via a series of workshops. The tangible manifestation lies in Local Area Agreements - a set of 32 centrally-approved and locally-implemented performance indicators linking engineered solutions, mechanisms for adoption, behavioural adaptation and education.1. Bespoke local utility infrastructures for resilient communities2. The role of transport in societal resilienceThe research team draws from five major research groups at the University of Birmingham, all of whom are addressing core themes of infrastructure and resilience. The team is supported by innovative thinkers drawn from the stakeholder community, both practitioners and policy makers. The primary themes to be studied are the creation of local utility infrastructures and transport to deliver resilience, recognising the UK shift towards enhancing innovation in the public/private sectors and local decision-making and delivery. Our team will deepen trans-disciplinary research by overcoming the tension that exists between the engineering focus on solutions and the social scientists concern with problems by developing realistic solutions to local problems. This requires exploration of the interface between four communities of practice: engineering and physical sciences, social sciences, private firms and local government. The intention is to identify solutions that reduce costs and enhance delivery, but also to identify new projects that have the potential to create innovative products that have commercial value.