STRESS, SODIUM, AND BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION

这将是一项对128名健康受试者进行的纵向研究， 或20至40岁的血压轻微升高， 暴露于职业压力的周期性变化。 它 将研究压力、家族病史、 高血压与钠摄入量对血压及相关 变量 受试者将从经认证的 公共会计师（CPA）或建筑事务所在纽约市. 他们将被分为两组，每组64名受试者： 有高血压家族史者和无家族史者。 它们将在4个月的时间内进行研究，这将 包括从相对低的应力到峰值的过渡， 一个最后期限的时间。 每组一半的受试者将 随机服用缓释钠胶囊， 饮食钠100 meq/天，另一半匹配 安慰剂 将对两组进行基线评价 在低职业压力期间，并将包括 饮食评估，24小时动态血压 记录和一系列调查问卷， 压力、个性和人口统计学变量。 血液和尿液 将采集样本进行钠平衡相关测量 （血浆肾素、心钠素、尿醛固酮， 电解质）和压力（血脂和皮质醇，尿 儿茶酚胺和皮质醇）。 在为期17周的实验期间， 注册会计师，受试者将记录他们的血压， 工作和家庭，以及他们的感知水平日记 压力、食物摄入、酒精、咖啡因和吸烟。 他们不会被要求改变饮食，但会被要求 服用缓释氯化钠胶囊，或 安慰剂 他们还将每隔两天收集一次过夜尿样 周 这段时间将包括峰值应力的时间（例如，四月 15名税务会计师）和4周后。 重复血液 将在峰值应力时取样。 假设血压会逐渐升高 随着职业压力水平的上升， 在具有以下阳性家族史的受试者中， 高血压，并将增加高钠摄入量。

This will be longitudinal study of 128 healthy subjects with normal or minimally elevated blood pressure aged 20 to 40 years, who are exposed to regular cyclical variations of occupational stress. It will investigate the interactions of stress, family history of hypertension and sodium intake on blood pressure and related variables. Subjects will be selected from screened populations at Certified Public Accountant (CPA) or architectural firms in New York City. They will be divided into two groups of 64 subjects each: those with a positive family history of hypertension, and those without. They will be studied during a 4 month periods, which will encompass a transition from relatively low stress to a peak at the time of a deadline. Half of the subjects in each group will be randomized to take slow release sodium capsules to increase their dietary sodium by 100 meq/day, and the other half matching placebo. Baseline evaluation of the two groups will be performed during a period of low occupational stress, and will include a dietary evaluation, an ambulatory 24 hour blood pressure recording, and a series of questionnaires evaluating occupational stress, personality and demographical variables. Blood and urine samples will be taken for measures related to sodium balance (plasma renin, atrial natriuretic factor, urine aldosterone, and electrolytes) and stress (blood lipids and cortisol, and urine catecholamines and cortisol). During the experimental periods, which will last 17 weeks for the CPAs, subjects will keep records of their blood pressure both at work and at home, and also diaries of their perceived level of stress, and intake of food, alcohol, caffeine, and use of cigarettes. They will not be asked to change their diets, but will be asked to take either slow-release sodium chloride capsules, or matching placebo. They will also collect overnight urine samples every two weeks. This period will include the time of peak stress (e.g., April 15 of the tax accountants) and 4 weeks thereafter. Repeat blood samples will be taken at the time of peak stress. It is hypothesized that blood pressure will increase progressively as the level of occupational stress rises, and that this increase will be greatest in subjects with a positive family history of hypertension, and will be augmented by a high sodium intake.