DIRECT OBSERVATION OF INTERFACIAL PROCESSES--SFM

几乎所有的蛋白质都具有表面活性--它们吸附、定向， 在水/空气、水/油中变性（经历构象变化），以及 水/固体界面 接触活化蛋白的吸收 血液可导致凝血; IgG、补体C3和/或 补体C1可导致补体激活; 脂蛋白在动脉粥样硬化和血栓形成中可能是重要的。 在 在眼泪的情况下，眼泪蛋白质在许多类型的接触上产生沉积物， 眼镜. 尽管在理解和控制 蛋白质界面活性，希望能够直接 观察蛋白质-表面和蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用-原位-下 生理相关条件。 现在可以直接观察， 扫描力显微镜（SFM）。 这种新的非常强大的技术是 现在适用于蛋白质界面研究。 我们建议发展的方法，技术和理论，使 蛋白质界面过程的常规观察和解释。 我们将把这项技术应用于三项重要的研究： 1. 免疫球蛋白在界面上的定位和排序。 2. 选择性血浆蛋白的竞争吸附--Vroman 效果 3. 在水中直接观察聚氨酯表面。

Nearly all proteins are surface active--they adsorb, orient, and often denature (undergo conformational changes) at water/air, water/oil, and water/solid interfaces. The absorption of contact activation proteins in blood can lead to coagulation; the adsorption of IgG, complement C3 and/or complement C1 can lead to complement activation; the absorption of lipoproteins may be important in atherosclerosis and thrombogenicity. In the case of tears, tear proteins produce deposits on many types of contact lenses. Although there has been much progress in understanding and controlling protein interfacial activity, it is desirable to be able to directly observe protein--surface and protein--protein interactions--in situ--under physiologically relevant conditions. Direct observation is now possible by scanning force microscopy (SFM). This new and very powerful technique is now applicable to protein interface research. We propose to develop the methods, techniques, and theory to permit the routine observation and interpretation of protein interfacial processes. We will apply the technique to three important studies: 1. The orientation and ordering of immunoglobulins at interface. 2. The competitive adsorption of selected plasma proteins--The Vroman Effect. 3. The direct observation of polyurethane surfaces in water.