DIRECT OBSERVATION OF INTERFACIAL PROCESSES--SFM

几乎所有的蛋白质都是表面活性的--它们吸附、定向并经常 在水/空气、水/油中变性(经历构象变化) 水/固体界面。接触激活蛋白在人体内的吸收 血液可导致凝血；对免疫球蛋白、补体C3和/或 补体C1可导致补体活化；补体的吸收 脂蛋白可能在动脉粥样硬化和血栓形成中起重要作用。在……里面 在泪水的情况下，泪液蛋白质会在许多类型的接触中产生沉积物 隐形眼镜。 尽管在理解和控制方面已经取得了很大进展 蛋白质的界面活性，最好能够直接 原位观察蛋白质--表面和蛋白质--蛋白质相互作用 生理上相关的条件。现在可以通过以下方式进行直接观察 扫描力显微镜(SFM)这种新的和非常强大的技术是 现在适用于蛋白质界面的研究。 我们建议开发方法、技术和理论来允许 蛋白质界面过程的常规观察和解释。 我们将把这项技术应用于三项重要的研究： 1.免疫球蛋白在界面上的取向和有序性。 2.精选血浆蛋白的竞争吸附--Vroman 效果。 3.水中聚氨酯表面的直接观察。

Nearly all proteins are surface active--they adsorb, orient, and often denature (undergo conformational changes) at water/air, water/oil, and water/solid interfaces. The absorption of contact activation proteins in blood can lead to coagulation; the adsorption of IgG, complement C3 and/or complement C1 can lead to complement activation; the absorption of lipoproteins may be important in atherosclerosis and thrombogenicity. In the case of tears, tear proteins produce deposits on many types of contact lenses. Although there has been much progress in understanding and controlling protein interfacial activity, it is desirable to be able to directly observe protein--surface and protein--protein interactions--in situ--under physiologically relevant conditions. Direct observation is now possible by scanning force microscopy (SFM). This new and very powerful technique is now applicable to protein interface research. We propose to develop the methods, techniques, and theory to permit the routine observation and interpretation of protein interfacial processes. We will apply the technique to three important studies: 1. The orientation and ordering of immunoglobulins at interface. 2. The competitive adsorption of selected plasma proteins--The Vroman Effect. 3. The direct observation of polyurethane surfaces in water.