CHILDHOOD RISK FACTORS FOR ADULT MENTAL DISORDERS

这项前瞻性流行病学研究的目的是 确定童年攻击性和社交退缩是否 成年后患精神疾病的危险因素。此外，我们正在 审查其他负面结果，如社会和 职业适应不良与以下这些模式有关 不正常的行为。 正在对四个风险人群进行研究： 儿童具有攻击性、孤僻或两者兼具攻击性和 以及一个对照样本，这些人在孩提时代就被 在这两个特征上都不会有偏差。这些人是 最初是在童年中期被发现的，当时他们的年龄不等 从6岁到13岁不等。在项目的这一阶段，他们将 处于成年早期，年龄从21岁到28岁不等。 我们采取了多层次的数据收集战略。数据将 通过(1)档案记录，(2)业馀人员访问收集 面谈人员到个人家中确认精神病态和 收集更多预测精神疾病的信息 痛苦，如生活压力和社会支持，以及(3)探视 由参与者到实验室进行精神病学面谈 由经验丰富的临床医生进行，以获得详细的精神病学 诊断数据，并用于实验室测试以获取信息 关于注意力缺陷经常与重大的 精神变态学。 这项研究的不同寻常之处在于预期队列的规模很大 (1,774)。将有可能检测到风险因素中的海拔 适用于患病率较高的精神疾病，例如 物质使用，以及相对较低的精神障碍 患病率，如精神分裂症谱系障碍。这项研究 也是不寻常的，因为有大量女性在 风险群体。在过去，特别是在攻击性的研究中 或品行障碍，这是很常见的研究基础 主要集中在男性样本上。 这一阶段研究的时机是有利的。我们有 在成年初期评估个人的机会。 结合项目后续规划阶段的数据 它将跟随个人度过感染风险最高的时期 主要的精神病理学，我们将能够追踪到 从童年的危险因素到早期的经历，如 成人对精神疾病(如生活压力)的预测 确定成人精神障碍的发病年龄。

The purpose of this prospective epidemiological study is to determine whether childhood aggression and social withdrawal are risk factors for mental illness in adulthood. In addition, we are examining whether other negative outcomes, such as social and occupational maladjustment are associated with these patterns of deviant behaviors. Four risk populations are being studied: individuals who as children were aggressive, withdrawn, or both aggressive and withdrawn, and a control sample of individuals who as children were not deviant on either characteristic. These individuals were initially identified in middle childhood when they ranged in age from 6 to 13 years. During this phase of the project, they will be in early adulthood, ranging in age from 21 to 28 years. We have adopted a multilevel data collection strategy. Data will be collected by means of (1) archival records, (2) visits by lay interviewers to individuals' homes to identify psychopathology and to collect additional information predictive of psychiatric distress, such as life stress and social support, and (3) visits by participants to the laboratory for psychiatric interviews conducted by experienced clinicians to obtain detailed psychiatric diagnostic data, and for laboratory tests to obtain information about attention deficits that are frequently associated with major psychopathology. The study is unusual in the large size of the prospective cohort (1,774). It will be possible to detect elevations in risk factors for psychiatric disorders with relatively high prevalence, such as substance use, and for psychiatric disorders with relatively low prevalence, such as, schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. The study is also unusual in having a large representation of females in the risk groups. In the past, particularly in the study of aggression or conduct disorders, it has been common for studies to be base predominantly on male samples. The timing of this phase of the study is propitious. We have the opportunity to assess individuals at the beginning of adulthood. Combined with data from subsequent planned phases of the project that will follow individuals through the period of highest risk for major psychopathology, we will be able to trace the development of individuals from childhood risk factors, to early experiences as adults predictive of psychopathology (e.g. life stress) to the identification of the age of onset of adult mental disorders.