FAMILY STRESS AND CONFLICT: THE 'TERRIBLE TWOS'

拟议的调查探讨了发展中的主要问题 早期的家庭关系和维持或 偏离幼儿发育轨迹的时期 可以预期，对自主的发展规范性追求将强调 家庭制度，并造成家庭成员之间的冲突。具体地说，这 调查将1)矛盾和冲突中的长期稳定和变化 在孩子的第二次成长中，家庭中和谐的人际交流 和生命的第三年；2)确定家庭系统中的发病率 并且家庭成员之间的厌恶互动的强度增加， 在整个发展阶段减少或保持稳定；3)评估 那些表征社会生态的“前置条件” 在“可怕的二人组”发生之前的家庭状况；以及4)确定 是否“近端压力状况”(例如，日常烦扰和情绪) 在日常基础上影响家庭互动过程 在个人、关系和发展过程中的连续性/间断性 家庭发展。 这项拟议的研究包括一项150人的前瞻性纵向研究。 养育儿子的家庭从一岁到一岁 他们的三岁生日。将收集访谈和观察数据 关于婴幼儿末期的“前置条件” 生命的一年。两个两小时的家居观察将在 在孩子的第二年和第三年期间，有四个均匀的间隔 生活，父母的日常烦恼和情绪在发病前进行评估 每一次观察。最后，个体差异在功能上的作用 儿童在36个月大时将接受评估。发现 从这次调查中将增加我们对家庭的了解 在一个特别显著的发展时期和 潜在地增加了发展性精神病病理学的增长模型。

The proposed investigation explores major issues in the development of early family relationships and the contextual conditions that maintain or deflect developmental trajectories during the period when a toddler's developmentally normative quest for autonomy can be expected to stress the family system and create conflict among family members. Specifically, this investigation will 1) chronical stability and change in conflicted and harmonious interpersonal exchanges in the family during the child's second and third year of life; 2) identify family systems in which the incidence and intensity of aversive interactions between family members increase, decrease, or remain stable across this developmental period; 3) assess those 'antecedent setting conditions" which characterize the social ecology of the family prior to the onset of the "terrible twos"; and 4) determine whether "conditions of proximal stress" (e.g., daily hassles and mood) influences family interaction processes on a day-to-day basis contributing to continuity/discontinuity in the process of individual, relationship, and family development. The proposed research involves a prospective longitudinal study of 150 families rearing sons from the time the body are one year of age through their third birthdays. Interview and observational data will be gathered regarding "antecedent setting conditions" at the end of the infants first year of life. A pair of two hour home observations will be conducted at four evenly spaced intervals during the child's second the third years of life, with parental daily hassles and mood assessed prior to the onset of each observation. Finally, individual differences in the functioning of children will be assessed when children are 36 months of age. Findings from this investigation will increase our understanding of family relationships across a particularly salient developmental period and potentially add to growing models of developmental psychopathology.