METABOLISM OF CELLS IN MUSCLE AND NERVOUS SYSTEM

目的是帮助满足一个重要的需求，即了解 肌肉和神经中不同种类细胞的生化性质 系统 大脑的功能取决于各种细胞的相互作用， 彼此之间的亲密关系。 多种细胞类型的混合 以及细胞与细胞之间的功能状态不同， 这意味着宏观的化学方法是有限的 有用性 肌肉也是细胞的紧密混合物， 化学成分 相邻的肌肉纤维也有很大的不同 在特定酶之间的比例上是50倍， 在肌肉疾病中会被夸大。 因此，这里也宏观 研究不够。 为了解决这一问题， 它具有几乎无限的灵敏度， 几乎可以测量单个神经细胞中的任何酶或代谢物 体，在大神经元的核中，在其他类似的神经元结构中， 大小，并在单个肌肉纤维的小块。 本项目的目的是利用这种分析能力， 研究肌肉和神经系统的学科。 在某些情况下，单个神经元 或其一部分被检查;在其他情况下， 研究了 具体来说，视网膜层提供了一个机会， 为了分析来自多个细胞的相同部分的亚细胞区域， 细胞 在肌肉的情况下，该技术是这样的， 可以分析单个纤维中的许多酶、代谢物 辅因子 这种方法被证明在应用于 肌肉疾病患者的小活检样本中的纤维。 在 在某些情况下，只有特定的纤维类型可能受到影响。

The objective is to help satisfy an important need, the need to know the biochemical nature of the different kinds of cells in muscle and nervous system. Brain function depends on the interplay of diverse kinds of cells, grandly entangled with each other. The admixture of the many cell types and the fact that the functional state differs from cell to cell, and from moment to moment, means that macroscopic chemical approaches are limited in usefulness. Muscle is also an intimate mixture of cells which differ greatly in chemical composition. Muscle fibers lying next to each other vary as much as 50-fold in the ratios between particular enzymes, and the differences can be exaggerated in muscle disease. Therefore, here also macroscopic studies are inadequate. To attack this situation an analytical methodology is available which has virtually unlimited sensitivity and which makes it possible to measure nearly any enzyme or metabolite in single nerve cell bodies, in nuclei of large neurons, in other neuronal structures of similar size, and in samll pieces of individual muscle fibers. It is the purpose of this project to exploit this analytical capability in the study of muscle and the nervous system. In some cases, single neurons or portions thereof are examined; in other cases, small groups of cells are studied. Specifically, the retinal layers offer an opportunity to separate for analysis subcellular regions from the same portion of a number of cells. In the case of muscle, the technique is such that the same individual fibers can be analyzed for a great many enzymes, metabolites and cofactors. This approach is proving especially useful when applied to fibers from small biopsy samples from patients with muscle disease. in some cases only a particular fiber type may be affected.