NERVUS TERMINALIS RELAY OF CHEMICAL SIGNALS

这项研究的长期目的是表征和 研究终神经在哺乳动物中的功能， 从外界传递化学信号的媒介 环境对大脑的神经内分泌细胞和 确定它是单独作用还是与嗅觉协同作用， 犁鼻神经和/或三叉神经。 终神经是 唯一直接从鼻子伸出的脑神经， 前脑的隔区和视前区， 与刺激的接收和协调有关， 引起特定的行为和荷尔蒙变化， 生殖功能 这是最少研究的“嗅觉” 因为很难区分它与 嗅觉神经和犁鼻神经。 免疫反应性 促黄体激素释放激素（LHRH）在神经和 神经节细胞与这种神经有关， 这是一个可行的区分，并提供了一个工具， 这个神经的功能。 本次调查的具体目标是：一。 终神经的特征与 嗅觉神经和犁鼻神经。 逆行追踪和 免疫细胞化学技术将用于确定 该神经的中枢和外周投射的范围，如果 投射是传入的和/或传出的，并确定 神经化学物质存在于这些起源的细胞中 预测。 类固醇放射自显影将用于检查 终神经细胞可能的受体内容。 二.终神经的超微结构特征。 预处理 包埋免疫细胞化学染色程序和电子 显微镜将被用来检查突触的类型， 这条神经的神经节和神经末梢的类型 犁鼻和嗅上皮、鼻血中的LHRH神经元 血管和腺体。 三. LHRH的个体发育研究 细胞和LHRH mRNA在神经中的初步检测 终端。 氚标记胸苷放射自显影和LHRH 免疫细胞化学将用于确定时间和部位 LHRH细胞的起源（前脑和/或嗅基板） 终神经 放射性标记的原位杂交 探针将被用来检测LHRH mRNA的存在， 终神经，因为这条神经似乎是最初的， 胎儿体内十肽的主要来源。

The long term purpose of this research is to characterize and investigate the function of the nervus terminalis, in mammals, as an intermediary in the relay of chemical signals from the external environment to the neuroendocrine cells of the brain and to determine if it acts alone or in concert with the olfactory, vomeronasal and/or trigeminal nerves. The nervus terminalis is the only cranial nerve which projects directly from the nose to the septal and preoptic areas of the forebrain, regions which have been implicated in the reception and coordination of stimuli that evoke specific behavioral and hormonal changes relevant to reproductive function. It is the least studied of the "olfactory" systems because of difficulty in distinguishing it from the olfactory and vomeronasal nerves. The finding of immunoreactive luteining hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) in nerves and ganglion cells associated with this nerve made anatomical distinction feasible and provided a tool for investigating the function of this nerve. The specific objectives of this investigation are: I. Characterization of the nervus terminalis in relation to the olfactory and vomeronasal nerves. Retrograde tracing and immunocytochemical techniques will be used to determine the extent of the central and peripheral projections of this nerve, if the projections are afferent and/or efferent, and identify the neurochemical substances present in the cells of origin of these projections. Steroid autoradiography will be used to examine possible receptor content of the cells in the nervus terminalis. II. Ultrastructural characterization of the nervus terminalis. Pre- embedding immunocytochemical staining procedures and electron microscopy will be used to examine the types of synapses found in the ganglia of this nerve and the types of endings made by the LHRH neurons in vomeronasal and olfactory epithelia, nasal blood vessels, and glands. III. Study of the ontogenesis of the LHRH cells and initial detection of LHRH mRNA in the nervus terminalis. Tritiated thymidine autoradiography and LHRH immunocytochemistry will be used to determine the time and site of origin (forebrain and/or olfactory placode) of the LHRH cells of the nervus terminalis. In situ hybridization with radiolabeled probes will be used to detect the presence of LHRH mRNA in the nervus terminalis, since this nerve appears to be the initial and principal source of the decapeptide in the fetus.