Sir Henry Royce Institute - Oxford Equipment

能源存储（ES）是能源三难困境的核心，以实现清洁、安全和成本效益的供应。英国在先进材料工程和可持续能源存储的独特地理机遇方面实力雄厚。技术整合和战略部署对英国保持世界领先地位和在全球范围内开发材料技术至关重要。根据通用电气的说法：“储能技术的发展将成为21世纪能源格局的决定性特征之一....这将是一个巨大的市场，并将在几十年内使公用事业业务面目全非。”从根本上说，储能设备最关键和最重要的方面是制造它们的材料。例如，在锂离子电池中，阳极、阴极、分离器、电解质和集流器都是高度优化和兼容的材料，使用定制制造专业知识大规模集成（2016年为5b锂离子电池）。能源储存是清洁运输和完成可再生能源循环的关键推动者。从历史的角度来看，可再生能源的生产和使用一直存在着不同的和“两极分化”的方法——重点一直放在两个“极端”上：一方面是发电（如风力涡轮机、太阳能光伏），另一方面是最终用途和应用（如电动汽车）。然而，将这些连接到一个工作系统的桥梁是能量存储。移动和固定储能都为英国提供了巨大的潜力；另一方面，如果没有能源储存，将很难使电网脱碳并实现英国的二氧化碳减排目标。2017年1月，英国商业、能源和工业战略部发布的《构建我们的工业战略》绿皮书强调了ES的重要性，该绿皮书指出：“鉴于英国在科学和能源技术方面的潜在优势，我们希望成为电池技术的全球领导者。”ES包括各种各样的技术，所有这些技术都特别依赖于材料科学的进步。为了达到世界领先的地位，需要在选定的技术上仔细分配资源。在牛津大学领导的利益相关者会议、研讨会和讨论之后，royce ES的主题将集中在(i)电化学储能技术，如电池、超级电容器和液流电池，以及（ii）热电和压电设备。

Energy storage (ES) is at the heart of the energy trilemma for clean, secure, and cost effectivesupply. The UK is strong in advanced materials engineering combined with unique geographicalopportunities for sustainable energy storage. Technology integration and strategic deployment areessential for the UK to be world leading and to exploit material technology globally. According toGE: "the development of energy storage technology is going to be one of the defining features of the21st centuries energy landscape....it is going to be a huge market and is going to render the utilitiesbusiness unrecognisable within a few decades". Fundamentally, the most critical and enablingaspect of energy storage devices are the materials from which they are made. For example, inlithium ion batteries, the anode, cathode, separator, electrolyte and current collectors are all highlyoptimised and compatible materials that are integrated at large scale ~5 B Li ion cells in 2016) usingbespoke manufacturing expertise.Energy storage is a key enabler for clean transport and completes the renewable energy cycle. Froma historical perspective, there has been a disparate and 'polarised' approach to renewable energygeneration and use - the focus has been on the two 'extremes': on one side, generation (e.g. windturbines, solar PV) and on the other side, end uses and applications (e.g. electric vehicles). However,the bridge to connect these into a working system is energy storage. Both mobile and stationaryenergy storage offer significant potential for the UK; on the other hand, without energy storage itwill be difficult to decarbonise the electricity grid and achieve the UK targets for CO2 mitigation. Theimportance of ES was highlighted in the Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy greenpaper Building our Industrial Strategy in January 2017 that stated "Given the UK's underlyingstrengths in science and energy technology, we want to be a global leader in battery technology."ES comprises a wide variety of technologies, all particularly dependent on advances in materialsscience. Resources need to be carefully allocated on selected technologies in order to achieve theworld leading status. Following Oxford-led stakeholder meetings, workshops and discussion, theRoyce ES theme will focus on (i) electrochemical energy storage technologies such as batteries,supercapacitors and flow cells and (ii) thermoelectric and piezoelectric devices.