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Structured electrodes for improved energy storage

用于改善能量存储的结构化电极

基本信息

批准号：
EP/P005411/1
负责人：
Patrick Grant
金额：
$ 88.37万
依托单位：
University of Oxford
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FP005411%2F1
关键词：
Structured electrodes improved energy storage

项目摘要

The development of Li ion batteries (LiBs) has progressed through the evolution of improved electrochemically active electrode materials and has provided steady improvements in performance. Every LiB battery comprises two electrodes (anode and cathode), each made up of three materials: the electrochemically active material, a binder (typically a polymer) and an electrical conductivity enhancer (typically carbon black). The relative fractions of these three materials, blended together with a fugitive liquid into a slurry, plus the final electrode porosity that allows the liquid electrolyte to flood into the electrode, are optimized based on exhaustive electrochemical testing. Commercial tools are available to help guide this optimisation but are useful only for the most conventional types of electrode. As new manufacturing approaches that allow for more controlled arrangements of the materials to form "structured electrodes" are invented and the resulting devices show better performance, there arises an exciting opportunity to identify, from the uncountable number of possible 2D and 3D spatial arrangements of the electrode materials, those which offer significant improvements in device performance in particular applications. However, to achieve this optimisation through current empirical approaches is impossibly slow and expensive.This proposal will develop a suite of modelling tools bridging micro to macro lengths-scales to guide the optimization of the spatial distribution of electrode structure to advance the performance, lifetime and introduction of next generation energy storage devices. This design optimization is especially critical where LiB and other systems are pushed to their limits e.g. high power (rapid charge/discharge) applications for EVs, or where ion mobility is otherwise restricted, such as inherently safe but low ionic mobility solid-state batteries. Insights generated will include the optimal spatial arrangements (in three dimensions) of porosity, particle size, binder, porosity for different materials, device formats and applications, how they could be manufactured, and how their properties vary with time in operation. The novelty of our methodology is: (1) a new approach to describe the dynamics of ion movement in energy storage electrodes efficiently that allows the models to be used in optimisation even when significantly more degrees of freedom are available, and (2) the use of a new manufacturing capability for large scale structured electrodes for model validation. By linking models, design optimisation, manufacture and performance measurements the programme will deliver material-independent and generic tools for optimisation of any Li ion, Na ion, supercapacitor or other electrode-based device, within the context of strong industrial guidance and engagement.

锂离子电池(LiBS)的发展是通过改进的电化学活性电极材料取得进展的，并在性能上提供了稳定的改进。每个锂电池由两个电极(正极和负极)组成，每个电极由三种材料组成：电化学活性材料、粘结剂(通常是聚合物)和导电性增强剂(通常是炭黑)。在详尽的电化学测试的基础上，优化了这三种材料的相对比例，将这三种材料与逃逸的液体混合成浆液，再加上允许液体电解质涌入电极的最终电极孔隙率。商业工具可以帮助指导这种优化，但仅对最传统类型的电极有用。随着新的制造方法的发明，其允许更多地控制材料的排列以形成“结构化电极”，并且由此产生的器件表现出更好的性能，因此出现了一个令人兴奋的机会，从无数可能的电极材料的2D和3D空间排列中识别那些在特定应用中在器件性能上提供显著改进的排列。然而，通过目前的经验方法来实现这种优化是不可能的缓慢和昂贵的。这项提议将开发一套连接微观和宏观长度尺度的建模工具，以指导电极结构的空间分布的优化，以提高下一代储能器件的性能、寿命和引入。这种设计优化在LiB和其他系统达到极限时尤其关键，例如电动汽车的高功率(快速充电/放电)应用，或者离子迁移率受到其他限制的情况，例如本质安全但离子迁移率低的固态电池。所产生的见解将包括孔隙率、颗粒大小、粘结剂、不同材料的孔隙率、设备格式和应用、如何制造它们以及它们的性能如何在运行中随时间变化的最佳空间安排(三维)。我们方法的新颖性在于：(1)一种有效描述储能电极中离子运动动力学的新方法，即使在有明显更多自由度的情况下，也允许模型用于优化，以及(2)使用大规模结构电极的新制造能力来验证模型。通过连接模型、设计优化、制造和性能测量，该计划将在强有力的行业指导和参与的背景下，提供独立于材料的通用工具，用于优化任何锂离子、钠离子、超级电容器或其他基于电极的设备。